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GUIDE 

TO THE 



WJ 



CAPIT 



AND TO THE 



NATIONAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES 

OP 



THE UNITED STATES. 



ILLUSTRATED BY DIAGRAM PLANS, DESIGNATING THE 

SEVERAL EXECUTIVE BUILDINGS, AND THE RELATIVE 

POSITION OF THE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS, THEIR 

BUREAUS AND OFFICERS' ROOMS, AND ALSO THE 

COMMITTEE ROOMS IN THE CAPITOL. 



BY ROBERT MILLS, 

Engineer and Architect. 



WASHINGTON: 
J. C. GREER, PRINTER. 

1854. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Year 1854, 

BY 

ROBERT MILLS, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of District of Columbia- 




offices, whether stranger or resident, is sensible of the difficulty of 
locating the different Committee rooms in the Capitol, Bureaus in 
the offices, and more particularly the officers and clerks attached to 
those Bureaus. The nature of the information contained in this 
work will tend to remove this difficulty, and afford to all the means 
of identifying both the building and the room occupied by every 
Committee and every officer doing business therein. 

The key to the Committee rooms in the Capitol will be found in 
the numbers in the book, and labels over the doors of the several 
rooms ; those being given their relative locations as respects the 
floor and part of the building where they are situated, no difficulty 
will occur in finding them. 

In connection with a brief description of the Capitol and Execu- 
tive buildings, are diagram plans of the same, with each room 
numbered — the numbers applying to each floor consecutively. 

The officers and clerks of each department being alphabetically 
arranged, and following in the order of the Bureaus to which they 
belong, will be easily found, and opposite to the name, on the 
margin, is the number of the room on the diagram, as first, second 
or third floor, as the case may be. An index is attached to 
facilitate finding the matter required. 

This Fourth Edition of the work has been much improved and 
enlarged, so as to be more extensively useful. Besides the plans 
of the Capitol are those of the Executive offices, the Patent 
Office, &c. 



THE 



CAPITOL 



OF THE 



UNITED STATES 




751^1 
of 324 feet. 



HE area covered by the original building, as approved 
by General Washington, embraces 67,220 square feet. 
The front extends 352)^ feet; the depth at the ends 
121^-2 feet, and in the centre, including the projection 
West and the portico steps East, 290)-^ feet. The 
height of the order to top of the balustrade 70 feet, 
and to the summit of the great Dome 145 feet. 

The wings of this building, now under construc- 
tion, will add to the area on plan 85,892 feet, making 
a total area of 153,112 square feet, and an entire front 
by a breadth of the wings, including portico and steps, 



The principal front looks to the East, and presents a grand colon- 
naded Portico, in the centre 160 feet in extent, composed of a dou- 
ble row of Corinthian columns where the Portico r ses, elevated on 
a lofty rustic basement, surmounted by an enriched entablature and 
pediment, the latter 80 feet broad, over which rises an attic story, 
crowned by an immense Dome 100 feet diameter, forming the grand 
V surmounting feature of the building. 

On each side of the Portico the order is carried out in all its de- 
1 tails, of pilasters, entablature, and balustrade, which are to be con- 

tinued in the wings now under construction here, so as to form a symmetrical 
whole. These wings are placed at each end of the present building, at a 
distance of 44 feet, with a connecting corridor. Each of these wing build- 
ings is 142 feet front, North and South, by 238 10-12 feet deep from East to 
West, exclusive of the porticos and steps, which in their design on the East 
correspond with that in the centre or main building. On the West front 
there will be no steps. On the North and South fronts porticos of the same 
projection are placed, each 124 feet front. 

"The principal entrance to each Wing is on the East front. The approach 
to it, says the architect, (page 3 of his Report,) is by means of a flight of 39 
steps, flanked by massive cheek blocks, similar to those of the present build- 
ing, with a vaulted carriage way below to enter the basement. The front 
door opens into a vestibule of twenty-seven feet in width, leading into a 
hall fifty-five feet square, lighted from the roof and embellished by twenty 
marble columns, supporting an entablature and balustrade; this colonnade 
will support the galleries for approaching the offices in the second story. 
"These halls will be enriched with marble anta3 against the walls in both 
stories, and lighted by ornamental stained glass sky-lights, supported by iron 
rafters. 

"From each hall a vaulted passage, of twenty-six feet ten inches in width, 
leads into a corridor of twenty-three feet six inches, running across each wing 
from north to south, and uniting it with the centre building. 



6 

"The Hall of Representatives occupies the western half of the south wing, 
and is lighted on three sides by fifty windows. Its dimensions are one hun- 
dred and thirty feet from north to south, and ninety-seven feet ten inches 
from east to west. The ceiling is thirty-five feet in height, deeply panelled 
and ornamented with brackets, pendants, and enriched mouldings; the panels 
will be filled in with ornamental glass, through which light will be transmit- 
ted from sky-lights in the roof. 

"The floor of the House is large enough to accommodate four hundred mem- 
bers with separate desks, and allow ample space for lobbies and seats for 
distinguished visitors, while at the same time it may be conveniently adapted 
to the number of representatives which at present constitute this branch of 
the legislature. 

"The galleries for spectators extend around three sides of the hall, and are 
designed to accommodate twelve hundred persons ; they are approached by 
two spacious flights of marble stairs. 

"The southern and western porticos open into the hall, and will be appro- 
priated exclusively to the use of the members, and such as have the privilege 
of the floor of the House. 

"The Senate Chamber is located in the western half of the north wing, and 
is lighted on the north and west by twenty-six windows. Its dimensions are 
seventy feet six inches, by ninety-seven feet ten inches; the ceiling is thirty- 
five feet in height, with sunken panels and ornaments, similar to those of the 
House of Representatives already described. There is ample room in this 
hall for separate seats for one hundred Senators, allowing at the same time 
all the space that will ever be required for lobbies and the accommodation of 
distinguished visitors. 

"The galleries, like those of the Hall of Representatives, occupy three sides 
of the chambers and contain accommodations for twelve hundred persons; 
they are approached by two flights of marble stairs, like those of the south 
wing. The galleries of each of the halls ha.ve five spacious door-ways, which 
will afford ingress and egress without crowding, or causing inconvenience to 
the audience or disturbance to the members. 

"The whole number of rooms in both wings, exclusive of the legislative 
hall, is one hundred and one; all of which are vaulted with bricks, aud render- 
ed completely fire-proof. Ninety-five of these rooms are lighted directly from 
the outside, by one or more windows, and the remaining six depend on second- 
ary light, and are designed for the storing of documents, stationery, &c. 

"The Senate Chamber and the Hall of Representatives are both designed 
wtih reference to the principles of acoustics. The magnitude of these rooms, 
especially the latter, and the fact that they are to be constructed for speaking 
in from every point, render it necessary to avoid all forms that would produce 
echoes, and at the same to present reflecting surfaces enough to give power 
to the voice without resolving the sound with greater intensity on one point 
than on another. To attain these objects the rooms are made rectangular, 
and the ceilings comparatively low and flat; and I have no doubt that with 
proper attention to establish acoustic principles, in the arrangement of de- 
tails of the rooms, they will be free from echoes, no matter in what part the 
speaking may take place. 

' 'I have estimated the cost of executing the entire design, in accordance with 
the drawings and model, the whole to be faced with white marble, and fin- 
ished in a substantial and workmanlike manner, and find that every expense 
will be covered by $2,675,000." 

The above arrangement designed by the architect has been, however, 
modified, by placing the two Legislative Halls in the centre of each wing, 
which disposes of the rooms on each side, instead of at one end of the Halls. 
This location of the Halls of Legislation has advantages connected with it 
superior to those associated with locating them at either end of these build- 
ings, and the position which it will give to the seat of the presiding oflicer, 
as well as the members, is favorable to the physical and mental health of 
each. But we will not discuss this important point here, further than to say 
that the change of position of the Halls has been judicious. 



In connection with this change, there will be a necessity to make a change 
in the point of connection of the wings with the main or centre building. The 
centre out corridor of 24 feet must be removed, to afford all the light and air on 
this side. The connection should be at each angle of the present building, thus 
leaving the court between the buildings entirely open the length of Halls. 
The advantage of this angular, in place of central connection would be that 
the awkward gap or separation between the buildings, as shown in the origi- 
nal design, will be closed, and the defect arising from this feature be reme- 
died. There is another reason for this change of connection, namely — the 
saving of the present Hall of Representatives from being injured by its be- 
coming a public thoroughfare or passage into and through the present build- 
ing; this would follow by placing the connection in the centre. 

The better plan (as the writer of this proposed in his design for these 
wings, also detached from the main building) is to extend the Colonnade of the 
East front of the present building to the wings, which, while it would im- 
prove the main or centre building, would furnish a public entrance from this 
last into the wing buildings. The interior connections previously mentioned 
could then form the private communication between the two Halls of Legisla- 
tion, uninterrupted by the crowd in the Rotunda, &c. This is an important 
consideration, connected with the business transactions of the two Houses. 
But the saving of the present beautiful Hall of Representatives from dese- 
cration should be the strongest reason for the change proposed. The great 
distance which the two Halls of Legislation will bear to each other will re- 
quire every facility of communication to be made. The hurry of business 
at the last hour of the session demands that the means should be provided to 
communicate rapidly the business transacted in either House, for a minute 
is sometimes of great importance at the last half hour of the session; and 
hence, besides the free personal communication between the two Houses in 
session, there should be at the closing hour a lightning speed given to an act 
passed in either House. In the plan of the writer, to effect this, he proposed 
to lay down a Telepraph wire, or some equally rapid means of communica- 
ting intelligence between the two Houses, and this may be under the super- 
vision of the presiding officer of each body. Our legislative action is differ- 
ent from that of any other Government; the hour of adjournment, once 
decided upon, cannot be abrogated but by the power that determined it, 
which is too much divided in sentiment to agree to it. 

CENTRE OR MAIN BUILDING— EAST FRONT. 

The grand flight of steps here are flanked on each side by massive but- 
tresses, surmounted by colossal sculpture subjects — that on the left represent- 
ing the discovery of America in the person of the noble Genoese, Columbus, 
raising aloft the globe, representing the earth, inscribed on its summit 
Jlmerica, while at his side is seen the shrinking Indian maiden looking upon 
him with surprise and awe. That on the right representing the first settle- 
ment of our country in the person of an athletic hunter rescuing a helpless 
female and child from the tomahawk of the ruthless Indian, upraised ready 
to strike the fatal blow. This last work by Greenough; the former by 
Persico. Reaching the terrace of the Portico, two niches are seen, one on 
each side of the entrance; that on the right representing the statue of M>.is, 
the God of War; that on the left that of Ceres, the Goddess of Peace — both 
by Persico. Over the main entrance is a panel of sculpture work, represent- 
ing two ariel figures in the act of crowning a bust of Washington. 

The typanum of the pediment of this Portico is sculptured with three 
figures or a colossal character, each bearing an emblematical character, 
which may be explained as follows: — 

The centre figure represents the Genius of America, modestly attired in 
full drapery, standing on a broad plinth, and holding in her hand an oval 
shield, inscribed with the letters U. S. A. in the centre, surrounded with a 
glory. This shield rests on a pedestal, ornamented on the front with an 
oaken wreath in bas-relief, incircling the words July 4th, 1776. Behind the 



8 

figure rests a spear, and at her feet an eagle, with its wings partially ex- 
panded. The head of the Genius, crowned with a star, is inclined in a lis- 
tening attitude, over the left shoulder, towards the figure standing in this 
direction, which represents Hope, who appears to he addressing the Genius, 
her right arm being elevated towards the Genius, her left apparently resting 
on the stock of an anchor, and the hand grasping a part of her drapery. 
The eager gaze and delighted smile she gives the Genius indicate her earn- 
est plea for the glory and prosperity of the Union. The Genius, however, 
instead of catching her enthusiasm, points, with sober dignity, to the object 
standing on her right hand. This is Justice, with stern and icy countenance, 
her eye lifted towards Heaven, and holding in her right hand a scroll partly 
unrolled, and displaying, in letters of gold, the words "Constitution of the 
United States." Her left hand elevates and sustains the scales; neither 
bandage nor sword are associated with this American Justice; "for, in our 
free and happy country, justice is clear-sighted, and stands with open coun- 
tenance, respecting, and weighing equally, the rights of all; and it is in this, 
rather than in her punitive energies, that she is the object of veneration of 
freemen. 

' "A moral is intended to be conveyed in this group, that, however Hope 
may flatter, the American people will regard only that prosperity which is 
founded on public right and the preservation of the Constitution." 

The figures are all highly finished, unnecessarily so for their great eleva- 
tion; their execution does great credit to the artist, but the design is outre; 
the idea too complex, difficult to be understood, and not adapted to the place, 
which requires unity, boldness, and, withal, a subject that would be fully 
comprehended at the first glance of the eye. 

WEST FRONT. 

The West front presents a massive central projection of 83 feet by 160 
feet front, with a recessed colonnade in the centre 100 feet in extent, eleva- 
ted on a high rustic basement, (as on the East front,) and rising with its 
entablature and balustrade to the roof, surmounted by a panelled screen or 
attic. The Wings, spread out on each side of this centre, are finished in the 
same style as those upon the East front. The material used for facing the 
walls of this building is, for the Centre or Old Capitol, the free stone, painted 
in imitation of marble, and for the additional Wings white marble. 

The grounds about the Capitol are handsomely laid out, and ornamented 
with spacious walks, clumps of beautiful trees, shrubbery, jet d'eaus, sloping 
banks, &c, embracing within the present iron enclosures 30 acres, and 
skirted on the outside by a foot walk over a mile in circuit. The extension 
of the grounds will have to follow that of the building, which will add 
greatly to their beauty and to the comfort of the crowds that resort there at 
all seasons. 

There are nine grand entrances to these grounds: — two from the North 
and two from the South, for carriages; two from the East and three from 
the West, for foot passengers. The centre of the Western entrance, at the 
foot of the hill, is flanked by two stone lodges, highly ornamented, for watch- 
houses, &c; from this, and after passing through the grounds, and by the 
jet d'eaus, you ascend by two flights of steps before you reach the grand 
terrace. 

NAVAL MONUMENT— COMMITTEE ROOMS— SUPREME COURT 

ROOM. 

Upon the first level, in front of the steps, is erected the Naval Monument, 
dedicated to those who fell at the siege of Tripoli. It is a white marble 
column, elevated upon a marble pedestal, base and zocle, and surmounted 
by an eagle, holding in his talons the symbols of the Union. The top of the 
zocle, or lower base, rises by steps towards the second base, and is orna- 
mented with statues representing the Genius of America, History, Com- 
merce, and Fame. The latter is a winged figure, with a wreath in its hand, 



standing close to the column, preparing to crown it. Commerce is repre- 
sented by the figure of Mercury, with a caduceus and cornucopia in its hand. 
History is represented as a female, seated, with abook and stylus in itshand, 
in the act of recording the event. The Genius of America the most interest- 
ing of the group, is represented as an Indian, leading two youths by the hand, 
one of which bears the fasces, and pointing their attention to the monument. 
The shaft of the 6olumn is decorated with the beaks of vessels and anchors — 
the pedestal with scrolls; the fretted cap of the base with Turks' head, 
swords, &.c; the zocle with the name of those who fell in battle — Somers, 
Caldwell, Decatur, Wadsworth, Dorsey, Israel. Upon the corners of the 
zocle are four funeral vases. The whole monument rises out of an oval 
basin of water, supplied from the contiguous fountain, and is surrounded by 
an iron railing. This basin contains 78,827 gallons of water; the one East 
of the building 111,241 gallons. 

Under the archway, leading into the sub-basement of the Capitol, is a 
beautiful marble fountain, out of which flows a constant stream of pure 
.translucent water, brought from Smith's spring, about two miles North of 
the building. The yield is now 32 gallons a minute, and may be increased 
to six times this quantity, if required. 

The writer, in his official capacity, with a view to the safeguard of the 
public records, that were at that time exposed to injury from fire, being in 
combustible buildings, had the water of the East basin conducted in pipes 
along the Pennsylvania avenue to the buildings occupied by the Treasury 
and General Post Office Departments; which water, by means of fire plugs 
along the line, was also used for general purposes, watering avenue, fires, 
&c. The necessity of a more abundant supply of water, however, became 
evident, and Congress has lately made provision to bring in those of the 
Potomac river, which are sufficient for all time, and which will enable the 
public fountains, jet d'eaus, &c, to be supplied, and for the more effectual 
extinguishing of fires. 

The sub or under basement of the Capitol, here entered, presents a suite 
of rooms, confined to the Western projection, appropriated as fallows: — 

The Corridor at the entrance conducts to the following rooms: On the 
North or Senate side — No.,41, Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds; 
No. 40, Committee of Patents and Public Buildings; No. 42, Committee of 
Manufactures; No. 43, Committee of Revolutionary Claims. On the South 
or House side — No. 44, Committee on Naval Affairs; No. 45, Committee of 
Military Affairs, and Committee on the Expenditures with War Department; 
No. 47, the Committee on the Territories and the Public Buildings; No. 49, 
the Committee of the District of Columbia; and on the East side — No. 80, 
store-room. 

On each side of the great stairway, opposite the entrance, a passage leads 
to the vault prepared to receive the sarcophagus of Washington, placed 
immediately under the centre of the crypt of the grand Rotundo. Returning 
out, to the West front, a double flight of stone steps ascend to the terrace, 
which is only a few steps below the level of this story. From this terrace a 
beautiful view of the Western side of the city is afforded, together with the 
high grounds on the North, and the Potomac on the South. Several noble 
avenues spread out in radii from this spot as a centre; the Pennsylvania 
avenue, nearly in front, is handsomely paved, and terminated by the Presi- 
dent's House, which is about 1)^ miles from the Capitol. 

Entering the building on this level, you pass to the main corridor, leading 
to the following rooms: On the North or Senate side — No. 44, the Commit- 
tee on Indian Affairs; No. 46, Committee on Military Affairs; No. 45, Com- 
mittee on the District of Columbia; No. 47, Committee on the Post Office 
and Post Roads; No. 48, Committee on Naval Affairs; No. 49, Committee on 
Foreign Relations. (It may be here remarked, that all the rooms on the 
North half of the Capitol, from the centre of the same, except on the third 
floor, and the Supreme Court rooms, are appropriated for the use of the 
Senate.) On the South or House side — No. 44, Committee of Ways and 

2 



10 

Means; No. 42, Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads; No. 40, Com- 
mittee on Commerce; No. 39, Committee on Private Land Claims; No. 41, 
Committee on Revolutionary Claims and of Expenditures of Treasury De- 
partment and of Navy Department; No. 43, Committees of Public Expendi- 
tures, of Expenditures in Department of State, and of Revolutionary Pen- 
sions — all of the House. 

Across the Corridor, opposite the front or West entrance, a flight of stone 
steps ascend to the principal floor; but, passing by these steps, a passage 
way on each side leads into the crypt; a circular and treble colonnaded 
vaulted space, immediately under the great Rotunda. This is one of the 
most curious apartments in the building, presenting a complete forest of 
massy doric columns, of the proportions of those of the Temple of Paestum, 
surmounted by groin arches, running in radii direction, and supporting the 
floor of the Rotunda. Turning to the left, and winding among the columns, 
you pass through a door-way, on the north side, into a small rotundo, lighted 
from above; a door on the right opens into the staircase leading to the Senate 
Chamber, that on the left into the Law Library rooms, and, further on, into 
a vestibule. On the left, in this staircase, a larger door-way leads into the 
the Supreme Court room, and a smaller door-way in the vestibule to the 
Marshall's room. Returning to the small rotunda, a corridor extends north, 
which opens on the left by a recess into the suite of offices of the Clerk of the 
Supreme Court. The Attorney General's room is near the North entrance, 
on the right of the public entrance in the vestibule of that entrance; opposite 
the latter is the Judges' room. You enter the Supreme Court room from the 
Senate staircase. This chamber is semicircular in its plan, with an arched 
recess on the West, and a colonnade reeess on the East side, from whence 
the light is admitted. An arcaded passage runs around the sweep of the 
circle, which supports a domical ceiling of masonry that covers the entire 
room, and into which groins or cuts are made upon the surrounding arches, 
forming a fretted kind of ceiling, of bold construction. In the tympanum of 
the West arch, in recess, is sculptured the figure of Justice, with her em- 
blems in bold r«lief; accompanying her is a figure of Fame, crowned with a 
rising Sun, pointing to the Constitution of the United States.* Everything 
is of a massive character in this room. The columns are of the heavy doric 
proportions, as well as the piers of the arches. As an error had been com- 
mitted in the first design and construction of this room, which occasioned 
the fall of the vaulted ceiling, every precaution was taken to guard against a 
similar disaster, and it has been effectually done. 

There are several radical defects in the present plan of this room, which 
it has been proposed to remedy. It is both badly lighted aad ventilated. 
The floor is sunk below the general level, and makes it very uncomfortable 
to the members of the bar. Indeed, the early death of some of our most 
distinguished lawyers at this bar has been attributed to the cold damps and 
want of ventilation of this room; no time should, therefore, be lost to reme- 
dy this evil. The seats of the Judges are elevated considerably above the 
floor of the bar, and near the windows, by which they are less subject to the 
evil in question. 

Provision will be made for a new Hall for the sittings of the Supreme 
Court, in the North wing, under construction, which well be free of the 
defects named in the present room. 

The accommodation for the members - of the Court are convenient and 
roomy; and visitors, though limited in number, are equally well accommo- 
dated. The Law Library being now connected with the Supreme Court is 
placed convenient for reference, adjoining the Clerk's room. 

Returning into the crypt, and passing through a door-way, on the South 



* This design is in bad taste, and should be corrected by obliterating the 
caricature figure of Fame, with its Sun; then the figure of Justice will appear 
to some advantage, and the design be passable. 



11 

side, you come into a vestibule, which opens on the left to the staircase* 
leading up to the vestibule of the Hall of Representatives, and, in front, into 
a corridor which communicates first with the following rooms of the House: 
No. 77, Committee on the Judiciary, then with the furnace rooms below; 
Nos. 53 and 76, which warm the Hall of Representatives; after which you 
reach a cross passage, used now as a folding room, leading, on the left, to 
the room No. 54, which opens into the rooms for the Committee on Indian 
Affairs and messengers; on the right, a passage leads to the rooms No. 69, of 
the Committee on Accounts, and No. 70, the Committee on Patents; between 
which rooms a flight of stone steps descends to a range of water closets, 
erected on the outside of the building. Pursuing the corridor South, to the 
end, you come to rooms No. 63, of the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and 
No. 64, of the Committee on the Militia; the smaller passages communicate 
with store-rooms. All these rooms, as well as the others named, are made 
fire-proof. 

Going out from the crypt to the East front of the Capitol, you pass through 
iron gate-ways into an open arcaded passage under the great portico; in 
front of this arcade is a covered carriage-way, and at each end of this pas- 
sage are the principal entrances to the staircases leading to the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

GREENOUGH'S WASHINGTON. 

The Eastern Portico presents a splendid promenade 160 feet long, and of 
proportional width. The columns, in number 26, are 30 feet high; the shaft 
composed of a single stone. A fine view is afforded from this portico of the 
Eastern grounds, with its spacious gravel walks, and dense verdant enclo- 
sure of beautiful clumps of trees and shrubs, circumscribed with an iron 
palisade. In the centre of these grounds is placed a colossal statue of Wash- 
ington upon a simple granite block, with the inscription, "First in War — 
first in Peace — first in the hearts of his Countrymen." This is a splendid 
work, from the chisel of Greenough. 

The artist, in his conception of this statue, seems to have had in his mind's 
eye the celebrated statue of the Jupiter of the Capitol at Rome; and to give 
it its proper effect this statue of Patri Patrm should be placed relatively 
to our Capitol, which would be on the site where the Naval Monument 
rests. In this position it would bear the same relation to our Capitol that 
the statue of Jupiter bears to that of Rome, and the apotheosis character given 
it by the artist will be in keeping with its position here. The writer would 
respectfully call the attention of Congress to this statue, with the hope that 
the suggestion here made will meet with its approval. The Naval Monu- 
ment may properly be restored to its original site in the Navy Yard. 

ROTUNDO. 

To the South you look down New Jersey avenue, which is terminated by 
the waters of the Eastern Branch, and the rich foliage of the opposite banks . 
To the North you look into a country scene of hill and dale, formed by the 
valley of the Tiber. From the portico you enter the grand Rotunda, which 
is 96 feet in diameter and 96 feet high, including the dome, which forms the 
ceiling. This dome is enriched with caissons or deep sunken panels, similar 
to those of the Pantheon at Rome, pierced at the apex with a circular open- 
ing, through which the light descends. The sides of this spacious room are 
divided in its whole circuit into panels, separated by massive Roman pilas- 
ters, which support a bold entablature, ornamented with wreaths of Olive. 
The upper part of the great panels are decorated with festoons of flowers, 
scrolls, and wreaths;, four of them encircling the busts of Columbus, Sir 
Walter Raleigh, La Salle, and Cabot — meu to whom all the world owe a 



*From this staircase a door, No. 50, leads into the room occupied by fh* 
Committee on Claims . 



12 

lastiDg debt of gratitude. The smaller panels, over the doors of the entrance, 
are filled up with historical subjects, which we shall hereafter describe; the 
lower panels are appropriated to paintings of an historical character. The 
four on the West half of the Rotundo are now occupied with the series of 
paintings executed by Colonel Trumbull, who being himself an actor in the 
scenes he has here transferred to the canvass, and holding a rank and station 
which rendered him familiar with the countenances of most of those he has 
here portrayed, gave him advantages which no other artist could have pos- 
sessed; and, therefore, if these paintings had no other merit than exhibiting 
faithful portraits of the distinguished men of our glorious Revolution, they 
ought to be, and are, highly prized. But Colonel Trumbull was an artist of 
the first order, as those splendid works of his— the siege of Gibraltrr, the 
battle of Lexington, the death of "Warren, and of Montgomery— evidently 
show. The paintings now before us most certainly possess much merit, and 
are by bo means deserving the severe remarks made by Mr. Randolph, in the 
House of Representatives in 1828, which justly drew from Colonel Trumbull 
a letter not very complimentary to Mr. Randolph. The subjects selected 
by Colonel Trumbull, on this occasion, refer to four very important events 
of our revolutionary history, namely: First, the Declaration of Independence, 
1776; second, the Surrender of General Burgoyne, 1777; third, Surrender of 
Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown, 1781; fourth, Resignation of General Wash- 
ington, at Annapolis, 1783. 



PAINTINGS. 
Declaration of Independence. 

HIS was the first, and is the most masterly finished 
picture, of the four. The artist seems to have la- 
bored here to present a chef d'auvre on a subject of 
such deep interest to mankind, the last hope of the 
world, which hung, as it were, upon the decision 
now about to be made by the venerated worthies in 
Congress assembled ; and though we may find fault 
with the prim attitude of the figures, yet we feel 
satisfied with the whole, as exhibiting a faithful re- 
= presentation of the actual scene as it occurred. Col. 
J5 Trumbull would not, in this case, follow his imagi- 
EEE nation; he spared neither labor nor expense to collect 
facts which only could secure to him lasting fame* 
He travelled from one end of the Union to the other to obtain 
the portraits of our distinguished men, and to learn from the ac- 
tors themselves the truth of scenes he was preparing to represent 
on canvass. Most of the personages in this picture are real por- 
traits , and we cannot too highly appreciate the talents of the 
artist that has preserved to us the expression of those features 
which are so dear to Americans, and to the lovers of liberty 
everywhere. The painting before us represents the memorable 
Congress of 1776, assembled for the purpose of ratifying that glorious deed 
which gave birth to our independence as a nation. The artist has rigidly 
preserved the very architecture of the room in which this August body sat, 
simply embellishing the back-ground with military flags and trophies, such 
as had been taken from the enemy. On the right of the picture is seen that 
deathless group, Jefferson, the immortal author of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence; Adams, the fearless advocate of the people; Franklin, the wise 
and prudent philosopher; Hancock, the noble and generous patriot; Rut- 
ledge, the great orator and statesman; Thompson, the vigilant and correct 
scribe, &c, &c. To the left stretches the long line of worthies, seated wilh 





13 

all the dignity of a Roman Senate in the glorious day of her liberty. All 
are quiet, anxious, and attentive, yet fearless and determined. Every one 
clothed in the costume of the day, so that nothing is left undone to distin- 
guish the eventful scene. The eye here reposes with peculiar interest, and 
in the intensity of thought is carried back to the period when, before an agi- 
tated and anxious world, the great act was ratified which proclaimed liberty 
to all the human race. 

The names of those whose portraits are preserved in the painting are a 9 
follows : — * 

1. George "Wythe, of Virginia, (25. George Clymer, Pennsylvania, 

2. William Whipple, N.Hampshire, ?26. "William Hooper, N. Carolina, 

3. Josiah Bartlett, N. Hampshire, 527. Joseph Hewes, N. Carolina, 

4. Benjamin Harrison, Virginia, 528. James Wilson, Pennsylvania, 

5. Thomas Lynch, South Carolina, >29. Francis Hopkinson, New Jersey, 

6. Richard Henry Lee, Virginia, 530. John Adams, Massachusetts, 

7. Samuel Adams, Massachusetts, ?31. Roger Sherman, Connecticut, 

8. George Clinton, New York, 2 32. Robert R. Livingston, New York, 

9. William Paca, Maryland, <33. Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, 

10. Samuel Chase, Maryland, s 34. Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania 

11. Lewis Morris, New York, s 35. Richard Stockton, New Jersey, 

12. "William Floyd, New York, 5 36. Francis Lewis, New Jersey, 

13. Arthur Middleton, South Carolina? 37. John Witherspoon, New Jersey, 

14. Thomas Hayward, South Carolina? 38. Samuel Huntington, Connecticut, 

15. Charles Carroll, Maryland, 5 39. William Williams, Connecticut, 

16. George Walton, Georgia, <40. Oliver "Wolcott, Connecticut, 

17. Robert Morris, Pennsylvania, <41. John Hancock, Massachusetts, 

18. Thomas Willing, Pennsylvania, 5 42. Charles Thompson, Pennsylvania 

19. Benjamin Rush, Pennsylvania, $43. George Reed, Delaware, 

20. Elbridge Gerry, Massachusetts, >44. John Dickinson, Delaware, 

21. Robt. TreatPayne, Massachusetts? 45. Edward Rutledge, South Carolina 

22. Abraham Clark, New Jersey, ?46. Thomas McKean, Pennsylvania, 

23. Stephen Hopkins, Rhode Island, \ 47. Philip Livingston, New York. 

24. William Ellery, Rhode Island, \ 

Surrender of General Burgoyne. 

The importance of the victory of Bennington, and, afterwards, of Saratoga, 
(where the surrender took place,) to the American cause gives to this pic- 
ture peculiar interest. General Gates here won imperishable honors, and 
though unfortunate afterwards, he was still the brave and honorable man. 
The painting represents the moment the surrender of General Burgoyne 
takes place, who is seen on the left as having just dismounted, attended by 
General Phillips and other officers, near the markee of General Gates. In 
front General Gates is seen advancing to meet his prisoner, who is in the 
act of offering his sword, which General Gates declines to receive, and in- 
vites them to enter and partake of refreshment. Near the General, on the 
right, a number of the principal officers of the American army are assem- 
bled, who are regarding the scene with great interest. In the distance is 
discovered the confluence of Fish creek and the North river, where the Bri- 
tish left their army; the troops are distinctly seen crossing the creek and the 
meadows, under the direction of Colonel (late Governor) Lewis, then Quar- 
termaster General, and advancing towards the foreground. Now they dis- 
appear behind the wood, and again appear. Officers on horseback, Ameri- 
can, British, and German, precede the head of the column, and form an 
interesting cavalcade, following the two dismounted Generals, thus uniting 
the different parts of the picture. — 



* The numbers refer to the outline heads in the key, beginning on the left 
of the spectator. The key to each picture is attached, placed upon a card. 



14 

The portraits of the following officers are introduced: — 

1. Major Lithgow, of Massachusetts. 

2. Colonel Cilly, of New Hampshire. 

3. General Starke, of New Hampshire. 

4. Captain Seymour, of Connecticut, of Sheldon's Horse. 

5. Major Hull, of Massachusetts. 

6. Colonel Greaton, of Massachusetts. 

7. Major Dearborn, of New Hampshire. 

8. Colonel Scammell, of New Hampshire. 

9. Colonel Lewis, Quartermaster General, New York. 

10. Major General Phillips, British. 

11. Lieutenant General Burgoyne, British. 

12. General Baron Reidesel, German. 

13. Colonel Wilkinson, Deputy Adjutant General, American. 

14. General Gates. 

15. Colonel Prescott, Massachusetts Volunteer. 

16. Colonel Morgan, of the Virginia Riflemen. 

17. Brigadier General Rufus Putnam, of Massachusetts. 

18. Lieutenant Colonel Brooks, late Governor of Massachusetts. 

19. Rev. Mr. Hitchcock, Chaplain, of Rhode Island. 

20. Major Robert Troup, Aid-de-Camp, of New York. 

21. Major Haskell, of Massachusetts. 

22. Major Armstrong, Aid-de-Camp, now General. 

23. Major General Philip Schuyler, of Albany. 

24. Brigadier General Glover, of Massachusetts. 

25. Brigadier General "Whipple, of New Hampshire Militia. 

26. Major Matthew Clarkson, Aid-de-Camp, of New York. 

27. Major Ebenezer Stevens, of Massachusetts, Commanding Artillery. 

Surrender of Lord Cornwattis at Yorktown. 

This was the decisive blow which terminated the conflict between the 
American and British forces, and compelled Great Britain to acknowledge 
the independence of the United States of America. The terms of capitula- 
tion insisted upon by the Americans here, in consequence of the refusal of 
Lord Comwallis to allow General Lincoln the honor of marching out of 
Charleston, South Carolina, with colors flying, &c, were the same which 
the British General compelled the American General to accede to, and 
General Lincoln was appointed to superintend the submission of the British 
at Yorktown, in the same manner the American troops at Charleston had 
been subject to only eighteen months before. This is the groundwork of 
the whole design of the picture. 

" The American troops were drawn up on the right of the road leading 
into York; General Washington and the American general officers on the 
right; the French troops on the opposite side of the road, facing them; 
General Rochambeau and the principal officers of the French navy and army 
on the left. The British troops marched out of town ' with shouldered arms , 
colors cased, and drums beating a British and German march,' passed be- 
tween the two lines of victorious troops to a place appointed, where they 
grounded their arms, left them, and returned unarmed to their quarters in 
the town. 

"The painting represents the moment when the principal officers of the 
British army, conducted by General Lincoln, are passing the two groups of 
American and French Generals, and entering between the two lines of the 
victors ; by this means the principal officers of the three nations are brought 
together, so as to admit of distinct portraits. In the centre of the painting, 
in the distance, is seen the entrance of the town, with the captured troops 
marching out, following their officers, and also a distant glimpse of York 
river, and the entrance of the Chesapeake bay, as seen from the spo 

"The portraits of the French officers were obtained from Paris in 1787, 



15 

and were painted from the living men, in the house of Mr. Jefferson, then 
Minister to France from the United States." 

1. Count Deuxponts, Colonel of French Infantry. 

2. Duke de Laval Montmorency, Colonel of French Infantry. 

3. Count Custine, Colonel of French Infantry. 

4. Duke de Lauzun, Colonel of Cavalry, French. 

5. General Choizy. 

6. Viscount Viomenil. 

7. Marquis de St. Simon. 

8. Count Fersen, Aid-de-Camp of Count Rochambeau. 

9. Count Charles Damas, Aid-de-Camp of Count Rochambeau. 

10. Marquis Chastellux. 

11. Baron Viomenil. 

12. Count de Barras, Admiral. 

13. Count de Grasse, Admiral. 

14. Count Rochambeau, General-en-Chef des Frangais. 

15. General Lincoln. 

16. Colonel Ebenezer Stevens, of the American Artillery. 

17. General Washington, Commander-in-Chief. 

18. Thomas Nelson, Governor of Virginia. 

19. Marquis Lafayette. 

20. Baron Steuben. 

21. Colonel Cobb, Aid-de-Camp to General Washington. 

22. Colonel Trumbull, Secretary to General Washington. 

23. Major General James Clinton, of New York. 

24. General Gist, of Maryland. 

25. General Anthony Wayne, of Pennsylvania. 

26. General Hand, Adjutant General, of Pennsylvania. 

27. General Peter Muhlenberg, of Pennsylvania. 

28. Major General Henry Knox, Commander of Artillery. 

29. Lieutenant Colonel E. Huntington, acting Aid to General Lincoln. 

30. Colonel Timothy Pickering, Quartermaster General. 

31. Colonel Alexander Hamilton, Commanding Light Infantry. 

32. Colonel John Laurens, of South Carolina. 

33. Colonel Walter Stuart, of Philadelphia. 

34. Colonel Nicholas Fish, of New York. 

Resignation of General Washington, at Annapolis, December 
23, 1783. 

This is one of the most beautiful pictures of the series, both for design and 
execution; the subject is of absorbing interest; the portraits are striking, 
especially that of Washington, who is represented in the preparatory act of 
delivering his commission to the President of Congress, having just finished 
his address to the assembly. The history of this extraordinary event is as 
follows: General Washington, having taken an affectionate leave of the 
army, at New York, proceeded to Annapolis, accompanied by his officers, 
and there resigned his commission into the hands of the representatives of 
the people, thereby divesting himself of all authority, and retired to private 
life. A singular circumstance, exemplifying the character of our Govern- 
ment, occurred on this occasion: — The President of Congress, Thomas Mif- 
flin, into whose hands the General resigned his commission, had been (in 
1775) his first Aid-de-Camp; and, further, he to whom we are indebted for 
this picture had been his second. 

The following is a list of the portraits introduced: — 

1. Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, President of Congress. 

2. Charles Thompson, of Pennsylvania, Member of Congress. 

3. Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, " " 

4. Hugh Williamson, of North Carolina, " " 

5. Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts, " " 



16 



6. Edward McComb, of Delaware, Member of Congress. 

7. George Partridge, of Massachusetts, ". " 

8. Edward Lloyd, of Maryland, " " 

9. R. D. Spaight, of North Carolina, " " 

10. Benjamin Hawkins, of North Carolina, " " 

11. A. Foster, of New Hampshire, " " 

12. Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, " " 
13- Arthur Lee, of Virginia, " " 

14. David Howell, of Rhode Island, " •« 

15. James Monroe, of Virginia, " " 

16. Jacob Reid, of South Carolina, " " 

17. James Madison, of Virginia, spectator, 

18. William Ellery, of Rhode Island, 

19. Jeremiah Townley Chase, of Maryland, " " 

20. S. Hardy, of Virginia, " " 

21. Charles Morris, of Pennsylvania, " " 

22. General Washington, of Virginia. 

23. Colonel Benjamin Walker, Aid-de-Camp, 

24. Colonel David Humphreys, do. 

25. General Smallwood, of Maryland, spectator. 

26. General Otho Holland Williams, of Maryland, spectator. 

27. Colonel Samuel Smith, of Maryland, 

28. Colonel John E. Howard, of Maryland, 

29. Charles Carroll, and two daughters, of Maryland, 

30. Mrs. Washington and her three grand-children, 

31. Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas, ef Maryland, 
The four corresponding panels on the opposite side of the Rotundo are oc- 
cupied as follows: — 

Pocahontas under the Ordinance of Baptism — By Chapman. 

The scene is laid in Virginia, at Jamestown, and is of peculiar interest, 
from the presence of the interesting young woman, the guardian spirit of 
the first settlement, and who gave up all for the love she bore the whites. 
Her destined husband, Rolfe, is looking with great interest on the baptismal 
scene; and there are the brother, the sister, and the uncle present to witness 
the self-sacrifice of their relative — the uncle, with face reverted, in sullen 
silence plotting revenge. The painting contains several portraits; the follow- 
ing is a list of those introduced: — 



1. Pocahontas. 

2. John Rolfe. 

3. Alexander Whitaker. 

4. Sir Thomas Dale. 

5. Sister to Pocahontas. 

6. Nantequas, brother to Pocahontas 

7. Opechancanough. 

8. Opachisco, uncle to Pocahontas. 



9. Richard Whiflin. 

10. Standard Bearer. 

11. Mr. and Mrs. Forrest, first set- 
tlers. 

12. Hans Spilman. 

13. John and Ann Laydon, first mar- 
ried in the country. 

14. The Page. 



Landing of Columbus — By Vanderline. 

To the American this scene possesses great interest. With what devoted- 
ness to duty, to religion, Columbus plants the standard of discovery on this 
Western Continent. 

The following is a list of the portraits introduced : — 



1. Columbus. 

2. Martin Alonzo Pinzon, standard 
bearer. 

3. Vincent Yanez, standard bearer. 

4. Rodrigo de Escobedo, Notary. 

5. Mutineer — repentant. 



6. Rodrigo Sanchez, inspector. 

7. Alonzo de Ojeda. 

8. Cabin Boy — kneeling. 

9. Soldier looking at the Natives. 

10. Sailor's veneration of Columbus. 

11. Friar bearing the Cross. 



17 



Sailing of the Mayflower with the Pilgrim Fathers and Mothers 

By Weir 

No event connected with the colonizing of this Continent was more inter- 
esting than the scene presented in this picture. The spirit, of Christianitv 
is the moving principle here exhibited — a self-sacrifice to open the way to 
freedom and independence. 

The following is a list of the portraits introduced: — 



1. Wm. Robinson, Pastor of the 
Congregation. 

2. Elder W. Brewster. 

3. Mrs. Brewster and Child. 

4. Governor Carver. 

5. William Bradford. 

6. Mr. and Mrs. White. 

7. Mr. and Mrs. Winslow. 
8."*Mr. and Mrs. Fuller. 

The only vacant panel is to be filled with the scene of De Soto's Discovery 
of the Mississippi, by Powell, now on its way to the Capitol. 



9. Miles Standish and wife Rose. 

10. Mrs. Carver and Child. 

11. Mrs. Bradford. 

12. Captain Reynolds. 

13. Boy of Governor Carver. 

14. Boy of Mr. Winslow. 

15. Boy<<fr do. 

16. Nurse and Child. 



SCULPTURE SUBJECTS. 




THE panels over the four doors of en- 
trance into the Rotundo are occupied 
with historical subjects in sculpture. 
Over the East door is represented the 
Landing of the Pilgrims on Plymouth 
Rock, from the chisel of Caucici. The 
group consists of four figures, in bold 
relief, the pilgrim, his wife, and child, 
and an Indian. The latter is seated on 
a rock, and holding an ear of corn in 
his hand, apparently awaiting the arri- 
val of the boat. The pilgrim is repre- 
sented in the act of stepping out of the 
boat; and advancing to receive from the Indian the symbol of friendship ten- 
dered by him. 

The Indian is a prominent object in this picture, and is in good keeping; — 
his brawny form and rude costume being in strong contrast with the delicate 
features and puritanic dress of the pilgrim. In the hinder part of the boat 
is seen the wife of the pilgrim, with eyes and hands uplifted in devotional 
gratitude that their sufferings and hardships were at last ended, and near 
her is the little son of their hopes, whose countenance expresses emotions 
of fear and wonder, while he seems desirous of preventing the landing of his 
father. All the figures are prominent, and upon the prow of the boat is 
seen inscribed the memorable year "1620."* 

Over the West door is represented the Preservation of Captain Smith by 
Pocahontas, from the chisel of Cappelano, who possessed a talent for execu- 
tion of the first or der; but there is a failure in the design, both in the cos- 
tume, features, and truth in point of fact; the group consists of five figures. 
The moment represented is when the death-blow was prepared to be given 



*The very rock upon which the Pilgrims first landed is stated, in the his 
tory of New England, to be now standing in the centre of the town of Ply- 
mouth, where it is known by the name of the " Forefathers' Roc^ " Qn ^ 
venerated by all Americans — nay. all friends to religious liberty. 
3 



and 



18 

the brave Captain Smith, and its prevention by the fortunate interposition 
of the youthful Pocahontas, the daughter of the Indian chieftain Powhatan*; 
she is represented in the act of hanging over Smith, to protect him from the 
blow. Besides the Indian with the war-club, at the head, there is another 
who stands at the feet of the captive, to whom the chief, Powhatan, seated 
behind, motions with his hand to stay the blow of death. It is to be regret- 
ted that the artist was not furnished with the study of living subjects for his 
Indians, as we should have witnessed in the present picture a very different 
expression of features, form and costume, that now exists, these partaking 
more of the oriental character. The whole subject is very highly wrought, 
and the costumes rich, but wanting in truth of fact. Captain Smith fur- 
nishes the following sketch of this incident, which took place in 1606: — 

" Having feasted him (Captain Smith) after their best barbarous manner 
they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great 
stones were brought before Powhatan; then as many as could layd hands on 
him, dragged him to them, and thereon layd his head, and being ready with 
their clubs to beat out his brains, Pocahontas, the king's dearest daughter, when 
no entreaty could prevail, got his head in her arms, and layd her own upon his, 
to save him from death: whereat the emperor (Powhatan) was contented 
that he should live to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and 
copper. " 

Over the North entrance is represented the treaty icith the Indians by Wil- 
liam Penn. This picture displays a spreading elm; (which stood near Phila- 
delphia, and rendered remarkable from this event;)* under its ample shade 
the great founder of Pennsylvania is seen in open and friendly negotiation 
with two Indian chiefs, and holding in his hand the treaty of 1682. The 
elder Indian chief has in his hand a large camulet or pipe of peace, and 
seems to be attentively listening to the talk of the younger, while Penn pa- 
tiently watches the effect of the discourse. The artist, Monsieur Gevelot, 
has rigidly preserved the peculiar costume of this great man, clad in the 
habiliments of the religious sect to which he was attached; and he has 
essayed a portrait with tolerable effect, but in the neighborhood of the sub- 
jects previously described it loses most of its interest. 

'The last piece of historical sculpture seen here is over the South door; it 
represents the conflict between Boon and the Indians — the most difficult subject 
of sculpture in the Rotunda, and possessing, both in design and execution, 
more merit than all the rest. We have to regret the very limited field the 
artist had to work in; for though the deadly combat might not have taken 
up more space than is here given it, yet the subject is worthy of a larger 
panel. The figures are of colossal size; the moment chosen by the artist is 
when the intrepid Boon has just discharged his rifle, which has laid an In- 
dian at his feet, and is attacked by another, who aims a deadly blow with 
his tomahawk, which Boon averts by elevating his rifle with his left hand, 
while his right draws the long knife which is to terminate the dreadful 
combat. There is more of the Indian character and costume represented 
in these figures than in any of the other sculptured pictures; and full justice 
has been done to the form and features of the intrepid Boon, whose cool 
resolution and self-possession are strongly contrasted with the ferocity and 
recklessness of the savage. Associated with the scene is the deep lone 
forest of the "Far West;" the boughs of a tree are seen waving over the 
heads of the combatants, and on its bark is carved "1773," the year when 
the incident occurred. This work is from the chisel of Caucici, a pupil of 
the celebrated Canova, and worthy of so great a master. If the other sub- 
jects of sculpture described possess any merit, this of "Boon's conflict with 
the Indians" possesses more. But justice was not done to the artist in the 
execution of either this or the "Landing of the Pilgrims," as he was hurried 



* The author has preserved a block of this tree, which is turned into a 
beautiful vase. 



19 

for time and limited in price; what he has done shows what he was capable 
of doing if the opportunity had been given him.* 

ROTUNDO. 

The Rotundo, which we have previously described, is a perfect Babel of 
sounds, the slamming of a door producing a noise like thunder; for collo- 
quial purposes, therefore, it is useless, nothing scarcely that is said at the 
least distance can be understood; yet, as a music room, and for a single in- 
strument of the most delicate construction — for instance the musical box — the 
effect is most delightful; it is as if a whole band of music was performing, 
or as if the pealing of the full-toned organ swelled upon the ear. Those 
fond of plaintive music may, in the deep silence of this room, enjoy a treat, 
if they will but bring with them a musical box. 

The dome of the Rotundo possesses a rare curiosity; a fine Whispering gal» 
lery, equal to the celebrated whispering gallery of St. Paul's, London, but it 
is now inaccessible. So great a novelty has been overlooked in the construc- 
tion of this dome; there is no communication with the top of the cornice, 
or spring of the dome, where the gallery should be. The attention of the 
Committee of Public Buildings has been called to this subject, and it is hoped 
that means may be adopted which would enable the visitor to enjoy so in- 
teresting a curiosity, and which would result in developing some important 
facts connected with the science of acoustics,, 

HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Passing through the South door of the rotundo you enter a beautiful cir- 
cular panelled dome; on the left a door leads into the principal staircase of the 
House of Representatives. On the rig-ht, a little in front, a door leads to a 
circular flight of stone steps communicating from the basement floor to the 
roof; it also communicates with the galleries of the House appropriated to 
gentlemen. The entrances to the ladies' galleries are at the end of the lob- 
bies, back of the Hall. In front or on the South side of the vestibule is the 
entrance to the outer lobby of the House; on the right and left this lobby 
continues all around the circle of the Hall of Congress, having doors of com- 
munication with the same; at the entrance on the left-hand a stair-way leads 
to the library of the House; further on, on the same side, a passage door 
opens to the Speaker's room. The Sergeant-at-Arms and Doorkeeper's 
room comes next, opposite to which is one of the main entrances to the Hall; 
and lastly, a door leads into the private lobby for members; at the end of 
this lobby a passage conducts to the staircases communicating with the 



* It must be confessed that the historical sculpture we have just been de- 
scribing is in bad taste here, and should be obliterated or covered, and paint- 
ings or inscriptions of the same subject substituted. I have always ques- 
tioned the propriety and good taste of historical sculpture, and whether the 
art should not be confined, in this department, to single subjects, except 
perhaps unde"r allegorical representations. All that I have seen of historical 
sculpture has confirmed me in this opinion, and these in the Rotundo, in- 
stead of lessening, has increased it. Paintings are decidedly better for his- 
torical representations than sculpture, and where they are designed for the 
interior of a building there can be no question on the subject. The scenery 
which is associated with every historical representation, and which should 
accompany it, can only be portrayed by the pencil — the chisel may essay it 
in vain. How different is the effect on the eye contrasting this sculpture 
with the paintings below; the former is scarcely noticed, though represent- 
ing deeply interesting subjects, while the eye dwells upon the latter with 
real pleasure and instruction. For the credit of the good taste of our coun- 
try it is to be hoped that suitable paintings will take the place of these 
sculptures; and if we will have historical subjects cut in stone, let them be 
placed on the exterior, and not in the interior of the building. 



•2U 

galleries for ladies. Parts of the main galleries are here divided off for 
ladies also. 

The lobby on the right of the main entrance opens first to a stair- 
way to the document rooms above; further on, a door on the right, under 
the stairs, opens into a private passage leading to the paper rooms, the 
water closets, clerks' rooms and library, in the order named; opposite to 
this door, under the stairs, is an entrance to the Hall, and further on, nearly 
opposite, is the post-office of the House, the letters arranged in glazed boxes, 
which are suitably numbered; (a letter box is provided here to receive such 
letters as strangers or others may direct to members;) at the end of which is 
another opening into a passage leading, as on the other side, to the stair- 
ways communicating with the ladies' gallery. If we enter the Hall by one 
of these doors, and pass into the loggia, or promenade for members and 
privileged persons, we shall have in view the whole circuit of a magnifi- 
cent colonnade screening the public galleries, the splendid rostrum forming 
the Speaker's chair, and the Clerks' and Sergeant-at- Arms' desks, as also 
the numerous concentric rings of seats and desks of the members. 

This room has been acknowledged by all who have seen it to be the most 
elegant Legislative Hall in the world. It is purely Greciau in its design 
and decorations. The outline of the plan is a semi-circle of 96 feet chord, 
elongated in its vertical diameter line by a parallelogram 72 feet long by 25 
feet wide. The height to the top of the entablature blocking is 35 feet, and to 
the apex of the domed ceiling 57 feet. The circular colonnade is made up 
of 14 colums and 2 antes, of the richest Corinthian proportions; the shafts 
are composed of a remarkably beautiful species of variegated marble, called 
Breccia, in solid blocks, obtained from the banks of the Potomac, some 
miles above the city; the capitals are of white Italian marble, sculptured 
after a specimen taken from the Temple of Jupiter Stator, at Rome, the 
most admired specimen of capitals of this delicately beautiful order. The 
entablature is after the proportions of that in the same temple,- ornamented 
with dentils and modillions, enriched between and underneath with leaves 
and roses. Over the colonnade springs a magnificent painted panelled dome, . 
enriched with ornamented bands and friezes, executed by a young Italian 
artist, named Bonani, who possessed much merit as a decorative painter; 
he died soon after the completion of his work. The apex of this dome ia 
pierced by a circular aperture, crowned by a lantern, which admits abund- 
ance of light, and serves at the same time to ventilate the room. 

The colonnade of the loggia is composed of eight columns and two antes, 
of the same order, and finished in the same style with the circular colon- 
nade. A grand arch of 72 feet chord springs over the entablature of this 
colonnade, under which, and standing upon the blocking of the cornice, is a 
noble colossal figure of Liberty, executed in plaster, and intended as a model 
for a marble statue, which, however, has never been executed. It is cer- 
tainly a splendid figure, possessing dignity and grace, and, withal, a mildness- 
characteristic of the genius of our free institutions. She seems to be look- 
ing down upon the assembled representatives of her children with anxious 
solicitude, and thus addressing them: "Be careful, my sons, to preserve in- 
violate the high trust committed to your charge; be true to the principles of 
the glorious Constitution established by your fathers, under my auspices; 
so shall you gain imperishable honor, and your names be handed down to a 
grateful posterity as the firm upholders and preservers of the last hope of an 
oppressed world." On the right side of this figure of Liberty is the frus- 
trum of a column serving as an altar, around which a serpent is entwined, 
the emblem of wisdom; on the right, at her feet, reposes a beautiful eagle, 
the bird chosen and fitted to surmount the American banner, and guard her 
armorial designs. 

It is to be regretted that the genius who modelled this figure was not per- 
mitted to execute in marble what he had executed in plaster; we should, no 
doubt, have had a chef d'ceuvre — one that would have rivalled the chisel of 
a Canova, But this genius has sunk into the grave. Caucici — the proud, 



21 

eccentric Caucici — chagrined and neglected, fell a a victim to disappointed 
ambition. The writer of this knew him well, and had an opportunity of 
judging of his talent and industry. 

The most commanding view of this figure is from the galleries in front, 
Its noble bearing attracts the eye and rivets its attention. The ample folds 
of its robes, flowing down and spreading over the platform upon which it 
stands — its outstretched arm, expressive of kindness, and its graceful atti- 
tude, all tend to increase the interest it at first excited. 

In the frieze of the entablature, under the figure of Liberty, is a spread- 
eagle, sculptured in relief, on the stone, and represented as just prepared for 
flight: it was copied from nature by an Italian sculptor of high reputation, 
Seignior Valaperti, whose mysterious disappearance soon after he had com- 
pleted this, his only work in this country, excited considerable interest. 
He was, it is said, retiring in his habits, and of a melancholy temperament. 
It has been supposed that, in a fit of despondency, perhaps disappointment, 
he put an end to his unhappy life by drowning, as a body resembling him 
was found in the Potomac a month after his disappearance. It must be 
confessed that Valaperti was unfortunate in the attitude he had placed his 
eagle, which gav& rise to some severe remarks of its resemblance to a 
turkey-buzzard, that no doubt wounded his pride. 

From the galleries you have a full view of the ladies' gallery, placed 
over the loggia, and fronted by a handsome bronzed iron railing; this gal- 
lery is capable of containing 200 persons; the public gallery will accomo- 
date 500. 

Between the columns surrounding the Hall, crimson curtains are hung 
ornamented with rich draperies. The curtain decorations about the Speak- 
er's chair are very splendid; the draperies of rich crimson silk damask, 
flowing down as from a centre from the top of the capitals of the columns, 
and spreading out on each side, covering the whole breadth of the back of 
the Speaker's chair with its appendages. Opposite the chair, and on a 
level with the balustrade of the galleries, the curtains dispart and display a 
beautiful marble figure, representing History standing in the winged car of 
Time, in the act of recording events. The car is placed on a marble globe, 
on which is figured in basso relievo, the signs of the zodiac; and upon the 
face of the wheel the hours are placed, which form the clock of the Hall, 
The whole is finely designed and handsomely executed. It is the work of 
Seignior Franzoni, a meritorious artist, who died in this city. History ap- 
pears to be directing her attention to what is passing before her, and noting 
down events; her drapery seems flying in the wind, indicative of the rapid 
flight of time, and the importance of improving it. 

The Speaker's chair is placed on an open rostrum, or platform, elevated 
about four feet above the genral level of the floor, enclosed by a rich bronzed 
fluted balustrade, surmounted by an impost, crowned with a low brass rail- 
ing; on each side of the Speaker's chair are desks; that on the right is occu- 
pied by the Sergeant-at-Arms; the other is reserved for the Speaker when 
the House is in committee. 

The Clerks' desk is elevated on a variegated marble zocle or base, three 
steps below the Speaker's floor; upon this is placed a rich mahogany record 
table, enclosed below with beautiful curtains of damask silk, and above 
with a brass dwarf railing; the steps rise up on each side of the platforms. 

The recesses between the columns of the room are filled by sofas, except 
those occupied by the reporters' boxes, there being ten spaces allotted on 
the floor of the House for these gentlemen, each accommodating two persons, 
or three upon an emergency. 

From the Speaker's chair you have a complete command of the whole 
House, every member's seat being open to view, displayed in sections, from 
one to six seats generally to each. Every member has a section desk allotted 
to him, and these are disposed in circular lines, decribed from the Speaker's 
chair as a centre, the aisles forming radii from the centre. When the House 
is in full session the views from the chair, or from the galleries, is very 
imposing, as may be imagined from the fact that here are assembled in on© 



22 

body, 232 members, representing the intelligence and wealth of the nation. 

The desks are all of mahogany, and numbered, each one having an arm 
chair, so that ample room is afforded every member. 

The floor upon which the desks are placed gradually rises from the level 
near the Clerk's table to the outer range; the aisles are inclined planes, but 
the platforms of the desks are level, and consequently form steps. Back of 
the outer row of seats a bronzed iron and curtained railing encloses the 
space occupied by the members' seats, which is denominated "The Bar of 
the House." Outside of this commences the lobby for the use of the mem- 
bers, and such privileged persons as maybe admitted on this floor. 

Level with the floor of the main aisle are several apertures, covered with 
brass ventilators, through which a constant current of warm air issues, that 
disseminates a uniform temperature throughout the room. In the coldest 
weather here the temperate heat of a summer shade is experienced. The 
space under the floor of the House, which was formed when the floor was 
raised, is arched with brick, and constitutes a reservoir for the air, which, 
previous to its introduction, has been properly heated by means of two fur- 
naces in the basement story, under the Hall: hence the whole surface of the 
floor is kept warm, much to the comfort of the members, who, previous to 
the raising of the floor, suffered much from the damp and cold of the sunken 
floor. The ladies' gallery, over the loggia, has been appropriated expressly 
for their accommodation, and such gentlemen as may accompany them; the 
seats and backs are all handsomely cushioned, and, from its elevated posi- 
tion, every advantage for seeing and hearing is afforded- The panels of the 
walls on each side, and in front of this gallery, are ornamented with full 
length portraits of the excellent Lafayette, and the Father of his Country; 
the latter by Vanderline, the former by a French artist. Underneath these 
pictures are copies of the Declaration of Independence, in rich frames, 
crowned with an eagle and other emblematic ornaments.* 

The adoption of the semi-circular form in the plan of this Hall by the ar- 
chitect (Mr. Latrobe) was the result of a conviction of its being best suited 
for legislative purposes. When the French Chamber of Deputies resolved 
upon the erection of a new hall for debate, they appointed a committee, 
composed of the most celebrated architects of France, to inquire into the 
subject and report upon the best form of a room for legislative business. 
After examining the largest rooms in Paris, and the most celebrated build- 
ings of antiquity, they unanimously recommended the horse-shoe or semi- 
circular form, surmounted by a very flat dome; which plan was accordingly 
executed, and has given every satisfaction. The hall of the Chamber of 
Deputies is said to be one of . the finest speaking and hearing rooms known. 
There is an important difference, however, between the plan of that hall 
and ours. The walls of the French chamber are perfectly plain, (not fret- 
ted with repeated recesses,) and covered with a very flat dome. The walls 
of our Hall are broken, or fretted with a series of projecting columns, form- 
ing a continuous colonnaded gallery, and covered with a too lofty dome. 
The position of the tribune in the Hall of Deputies, from whence the mem- 
bers address the Chamber, is along the line of the diameter; consequently, 
they speak to the circle, and every member receives the full force of the 
words spoken. 

That the circular form is the best adapted to the action of the voice the 
practice of all ages proves. The ancient Greeks and Romans adopted this 
form; and the moderns, in many of the rooms for public speaking, pursued 
the same plan. We have only to refer to the theatres and amphitheatres, 

* Provision is made for lighting up this beautiful room at night by the solar 
gas, principally from a splendid chandelier at the apex of the dome. One 
thing further was wanted to perfect the comfort of this room — namely, a free 
ventilation, which is as necessary here as in the Senate Chamber — and this 
has been happily effected by means of the gas burners, as recommended by 
the writer of this. No complaint has since been made of the oppression of 
the lungs. 



23 

whether of modern or ancient construction, in confirmation of this. If the. an- 
cients were not governed by scientific principles in selecting the circular form 
for their buildings, they acquired the knowledge of its superiority by experi- 
ence. The moderns appear to have followed the example of the ancients 
in the adoption of this form for their speaking rooms, without inquiring into 
its correctness upon scientific principles; otherwise we should not now wit- 
ness so many absurb forms; for, had they known the true principles upon 
which sound is propagated, very different results would have followed. The 
subject of acoustics has been little understood, especially by practical men; 
if it had, we should not see so many blunders committed in the construction 
of our public edifices. A room to be properly constructed, to support and 
convey the voice, must possess the capacity of producing a multitude of con- 
sonant echoes, and as few dissonant sounds as possible; lor in proportion to 
the predominance of the former is the perfection of the room to produce a 
distinct utterance of the voice. Now, the circular surface is best adapted 
to effect this; and in proportion as this surface approximates to the spherical 
form, the more powerful will be the effect of the sound propagated therein; 
for such a form would produce an infinity of consonant echoes. But the 
spherical form is not suited for practical purposes, and if it were, the sound 
would be too powerful to be agreeable; more than is necessary is often as 
injurious as not having enough. In all operations there is a medium to be 
observed, and in adopting a form of room special reference must be had to 
the object for which the room is designed. A bad speaking room often 
makes a good music room. The most practical form of room for legislative 
or forensic debate is a complete circle, covered with a very slight concave 
ceiling; the whole entire height, walls and dome, not exceeding the length 
of the radius describing the circle. Such a room the writer of this had con- 
structed for public speaking in the city of Philadelphia, and it is acknow- 
ledged to be a most perfect room for speaking and hearing in. I have been 
induced thus to digress, in order to explain the ground upon which the 
alterations and improvements made in this hall were based; and as the sub- 
ject has been a matter of notoriety, as well in as out of Congress, for several 
years past, it becomes necessary to show that these alterations were not 
founded upon erroneous or speculative grounds, but upon the true principles 
regulating sound, and upon experience, also, that in case other public rooms 
are found deficient in conveying the voice, and require alteration, the prin- 
ciples upon which such alterations should be grounded may be known.* 

SENATE CHAMBER. 

Passing out of the Hall and into the great Rotundo, the door on the oppo- 
site side, under the sculpture of the " Treaty of William Penn with the In- 
dians," leads to the Senate Chamber. Before reachiug it, you enter first an 
elliptical rotundo, surrounded in the centre by a circular open colonnade 
lighted from above, having several doors ; that on the right opening upon 
the landing of the marble staircase of the Senate, where a door to the left 
leads to the public galleries ; the door on the left leads to another staircase 
into which the water closets open, and by a passage to the Post Office and 
document folding rooms of the Senate. At the end of the passage is a stone 
stairway communicating above and below, as well as with the roof. The 
door of the Rotundo in front opens into a little staircase which leads to the 
ladies' galleries; passing on, you enter the vestibule of the Senate, a quad- 
rangular vaulted room lighted from above, with a screen of marble columns 
on one side; the door in front, on the right, opens into a passage and stair- 
way to rooms above, and beyond, to that of the ante-room of the Senate; 
the door in front, on the left, leads by a passage to the President of the 
Senate's room and that of the Secretary of the Senate. The doors behind 

* Previous to the alterations made by the author in this room, the mem- 
bers sat on a floor three feet lower than they do now, and the walls behind 
the colonnade were broken into irregular surfaces. 



24 

the colonnade lead to the executive Clerks and other offices of the Senate. 
The large door on the right of the vestibule opens into the Senate Chamber. 
This is a large semi-circular room covered with a dome richly ornamented 
with deep sunken panels and circular apertures to admit light from above; 
across the chord of the semi-circle a screen of columns stretches on each side 
of the President's chair, which is placed in a niche on an elevated platform, 
in front of which below are the Secretary and chief Clerk's desk. The 
columns of this screen are of the Grecian Ionic order, and composed of the 
beautiful variegated marble of the Potomac, with caps of Italian white; 
these with its entablature support a gallery; in front of which is another, 
but lighter gallery, running round the circle of the room, supported by 
reeded bronzed iron columns, surmounted by a rich gilt iron balustrade. 
A splendid picture of the bust of Washington, by Rembrandt Peale, elegantly 
framed and draperied, is placed against the wall, over the east gallery. 
This picture is considered a chefd'ceuvre, and the most correct likeness 
of this illustrious man extant. The writer, when a boy, had the good for- 
tune of seeing General Washington, and the impression made of hi3 coun- 
tenance corresponds nearer to the representation in this picture than any 
other seen by him, and he has witnessed many. Mr. Peale has multiplied 
this excellent portrait by a superb lithographic print on a large scale. The 
walls of the Senate Chamber above are hung with drapery; that over the 
President's seat is very splendid. 

The principal light of this room comes in from the East; the President's 
chair is placed on the line of the diameter of the circle, and from this as a 
centre the Senators' desks describe concentric curves, cut by radii, which 
form the aisles. These desks are all of mahogany, and single, each with 
a large arm-chair; they are placed on platforms, gradually rising one above 
the other. The number of desks at present is 64 — one to each Senator. 

The Senate Chamber is of the same general form with the Hall of Repre- 
sentatives, but has the advantage of plain walls and few recesses; conse- 
quently, is a good speaking and hearing room. The dome is very flat. The 
dimensions of this Chamber are as follows: 75 feet in its greatest length, or 
diameter, 45 in its greatest width, and 45 feet high. 

In the original design of this room there was an upper gallery on the East 
side, supported by an attic colonnade, which, in consequnce of obstructing 
the light, was removed in 1828; and this gave rise to the construction of the 
light semi-circular gallery on the West side. Back of the last tier of Sena- 
tors' seats is an enclosure, forming the bar of the Senate, outside of which 
is a lobby furnished with handsome sofas, for the accommodation of privi- 
leged persons.* The deficiency of space for visitors in this room is very 
sensibly felt during the session of Congress; for such has always been the 
attraction here that the galleries and lobbies are often crowded to excess, 
much to the annoyance of the Senate. The access to these galleries has 
been often objected to, particularly by the ladies; and hence they are 
mostly crowded in upon the Senate. It has been proposed to divide a portion 
of the circular gallery for the use of the ladies, and to have a distinct en- 
trance to the same, which, no doubt, would induce many of them to occupy 
it. Adjoining the Senate Chamber, on the South , is the Post Office room 
of the Senate, also for the Sergeant-at-Arms and Doorkeepers, which room 
opens out into the principal staircase. f 

In respect to the principal staircases and entrances to the two Houses 
of Congress, they are all unworthy of the rooms they communicate with; 
being confined, dark, and difficult to be found by strangers. Those unac- 
quainted with these entrances, and desirous of communicating with either 
House, would do well to enter by the centre of the building into the rotundo, 

* No person is admitted on this floor, except introduced by a Senator. 

t The Senate Chamber has undergone important improvements. This 
Chamber has also been better lighted from above, and at night by gas-light, 
from a rich chandelier. The same means of ventilation may be adopted 
here as in the Hall of Representatives. 



26 

from whence they may readily find their way to the Senate or Hall of Repre- 
sentatives — the door under "the Penn treaty ' leading to the Senate Chamber* 
and that under '*Boone's conflict with the Indians" to the Hall. 

The way to the Library of Congress from the great Rotundo is through 
the West door, under the sculpture representing "the preservation of Captain 
Smith." Passing through this door, you enter on the landing of the prin- 
cipal stairway ascending from the West front; turning to the right or left 
you pass along a colonnaded gallery, and reach the main corridor running 
North and South; on the opposite side of this, a door opens into the Library* 
a splendid room, 92 feet long, 34 feet wide, and 36 feet high*, 

Since the accidental burning of the valuable Library, formally collected 
here, the room has been fitted up with greater security against the effects of 
fire; all the alcoves, shelves, and decorative parts, including the ceiling, 
being constructed of cast iron, disposed in the richest guise, with gilded en- 
richments. There are three ranges or stories of terraces and book spaces 
on each side of this Hall — -the first in deep recesses, the residue in line 
shelves, falling back as each terrace rises until they reach the main walk 
This Hall is well lighted from above, and is arranged at each end to admit 
of extension hereafter — as soon as the main wings are completed. 

The liberality of Congress, and the urbanity of its esteemed librarian, J. 
S. Meehan, Esq., and his assistants, Messrs. Stelle and Meehan. render this 
room one of the most attractive points in the Capitok The valuable privi- 
leges afforded all-, whether residents or strangers, who come properly intro* 
duced to examine the inestimable works contained in this library, are pro- 
perly appreciated; for the room is well filled, during the hours it is accessi- 
ble, both with ladies and gentlemen. 



NOTE BY THE AUTHOR.. 

The author would here record with melancholy a reminiscence a list 

•of the works which were contained in the burnt Library Room it may 

serve to remind us of the articles lost, and which may again hereafter be 
restored t — 



THE first thing that attracts the atten- 
tion when entering is the admirable or- 
der of arrangement of the different sub- 
jects embraced in this room. The sev- 
eral works are classed according to Mr, 
Jefferson's arrangement, corresponding 
16 to the faculties of the mind employed 
on them. " First, Memory — result, rea- 
son; second, Reason — philosophy; third, 
Imagination— fine arts. Labels, in large 
characters, point out the position of the 
several classes of books in the order 
named above; for instance, alcoves No. 
1 to 4 contain works connected with 
history, ancient, modern, and ecclesias- 
tical; natural philosophy, agriculture, chemistry, surgery, medicine, ana- 
tomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, technical arts. No. 4 to 8 — works con- 
nected with philosophy, namely: moral philosophy, law of nature and na- 
tions, religion, common law, equity, ecclesiastical, merchant and maritime, 
codes, statutes, politics, commerce, arithmetic, geometry, mechanics, sta- 
tics, dynamics, pneumatics, phonics, optics, astronomy, geography. Alcoves 
No. 9 to 12 — works connected with the fine arts, architecture, gardening, 
fainting, sculpture, music,' epic tales, fables, pastoral ode,s, elegies, didac- 
tics, tragedy, comedy, dialogue, epistles, logic, rhetoric, orations, criticism, 
4 




bibliography, languages and polygraphical, or authors who have written on 
various branches. The catalogue of the Library now numbers about 42,000 
volumes, and gives, besides a list of the books, an index to the names of 
authors and annotators, &c. 

The first Congressional Library was collected under the direction of Mr. 
Gallatin, Dr. Mitchell, and others, in 1802, and contained about three thou- 
sand volumes;* it was burnt by the British when they fired the Capitol. 
This loss induced Mr. Jefferson to offer his valuable collection to Congress, 
which was immediately purchased; since then considerable additions have 
been made, under the direction of the joint library committee. This com- 
mittee at present consists, on the part of the Senate, of Messrs. Pearce, 
Chalmers, and Lewis; on the part of the House, of Messrs. Broadhead, 
Campbell, and McDowell. [The old committees.] 

A Law Library has been attached to the Congressional Library, which 
has been properly located near the Supreme Court room, as noticed before, 
under the charge of C. H. W. Meehan, Assistant Librarian. 

Besides the works already enumerated, there are in the Library a number 
of beautiful bronze medals, finely executed. The principal part of them 
were cast by order of the French Government, according to the design of 
M. Denon, under his direction. This splendid series commences in the year 
1796 and terminates in 1815, and, of course, embraces all the memorable 
battles and events which occurred during the reign of the Emperor Napo- 
leon. There is one among the number, commemorating his return from the 
island of Elba, which is highly prized. 

Subjects of the Medals. 

The battles of Montenotte, Melessimo, Marengo, Austerlitz, Jena, Fried- 
land, Essling, Wagram, Moscow, Lutzen; the surrender and capture of 
Mantua; conquests of Upper and Lower Egypt; passage of the great St. 
Bernard; death of Dessaix; peace of Amiens; Le Muse Napoleon; Legion 
of Honor; the School of Mines; the Code Napoleon; the Coronation at 
Paris, 4; the Distribution of Eagles; the Tomb of Dessaix; the School of 
Medicine; the Capture of Vienna and Presbourg; Three Emperors; the Con- 
quest of Venice, Istria, Dalmatia, and Naples; Confederation of the Rhine; 
the Occupation of the Three Capitals; Peace of Tilsit; the Marriage of the 
Emperor; Birth of the King of Rome; the French Eagles upon the Wolga 
and Boristhenes; Foundation of the School of Fine Arts; Return of the Em- 
peror; the Empress Maria Louisa; the Princesses Eliza and Paulina; the 
Queen of Naples; the Queen Hortensia, &c. 

These medals exhibit the enthusiasm of the French people, and the state 
of the fine arts in France. The likenesses are said to be accurate, and the 
whole do great credit to the taste and genius of the nation. In the collec- 
tion are many female heads, celebrated for talent and beauty; also, several 
of the Emperor's distinguished Generals, particularly his favorite Dessaix. 
The partiality of Napoleon to this brave officer is very conspicuous in the 
frequent honors here paid to him. 

The medals were presented by the Hon. George Washington Irving, late 
Minister from the United States to the Court of Spain, who also added ano- 
ther series, embracing several of our American worthies, in Parisian bronze. 
The box which contains them is labelled " Post ingentia facta Deorum in 
templa recepti." (Their illustrious deeds have won them a place in the 
Pantheon.) 

In the arrangement of these last medals, George Washington occupies the 
centre, with the inscription " Supremo duci exercituum adsertori libertatis." 
(To the Commander-in-Chief of our armies and vindicator of our liberties.) 

Encircling the Father of his Country, are the heads of Columbus, Fran- 
klin, Kosciusko, Paul Jones, William Washington, and J. E. Howard. The 

* The act of Congress creating this Library is dated April 24, 1900. 



27 

reverse of the latter medal is inscribed with the following: " Quod in nutan- 
tem hostium aciem subito irruens prceclarum belliccz vertutis specimen dedit, in 
pugna ad Cowpene, 17 Jan., 1781." (In commemoration of the brilliant feat 
of arms at the battle of Cowpens, January 17th, 1781, when he boldly dashed 
into the warring ranks of the enemy, and scattered their armed hosts.) 

A medal was struck at Philadelphia in honor of General Gates. On the 
face is a likeness of the General, with the inscription, "Horatio Gates, duci 
strenuo." (To our brave commander, Horat. Gates.) The reverse contains 
a representation of the surrender, &c. 

American Medals struck by order of Congress, arranged in the order of Date. 



NAVY. 

Isaac Hull, July, 1812. 

Jacob Jones, October 18, 1812. 

Stephen Decatur, October 25, 1812. 

ARMT. 

Isaac Shelby, October 5, 1813. 
William H. Harrison, July 5, 1813. 
Jacob Brown, July 5 and 25, 1814. 
James Miller, July 5, 1814. 
Winfield Scott, July 5 and 25, 1814. 



NAVY. 

William Bainbridge, Dec. 29, 1812. 
Thomas Macdonough, Sept. 11, 1814. 
James Biddle, March 23, 1815. 

ARMY. 

Peter B. Porter, July 6, 1814. 
Edmund P. Gaines, August 15, 1814. 
Alexander Macomb, Sept. 11, 1814. 
Andrew Jackson, January 8, 1815. 



Among the miscellaneous works on the fine arts here is the splendid work 
of Audubon on the Birds of America, The volumes have all been received, 
containing about two hundred engravings, highly colored, the full size of 
the birds. Also, his work on the Animals of America. 

Over the mantel piece, at the south end of the room, is a fine portrait of 
Columbus, presented by George G. Barrell, Consul of the United States at 
Malaga, Spain, which he obtained from Seville, and believed to have been 
painted by the same hand which painted the celebrated likeness of that great 
man, now in the palace of the Escurial in Spain. There is also a portrait 
of Americus Vespuccis. 

On each side of the door leading into the balcony are two beautiful marble 
busts; the one on the right is of Thomas Jefferson, by the celebrated Cer- 
rachi, the proud rival of Canova.* It is a splendid work; the bust is eleva- 
ted upon the frustrum of a fluted black marble column, based upon a circular 
pedestal, which is ornamented at the top by a continued series of cherubs' 
heads, under a broad band encircling the pedestal, on which is sculptured 
the signs of the zodiac. The face of this bust bears a good likeness of 
this great man; the artist had, however, in his mind's eye the head of a Ro- 
man consul when he sculptured this bust. The writer was upon intimate 
terms with Mr. Jefferson; frequently saw and corresponded with him. The 
The hand of a master is discoverable on this bust, which, perhaps, has not 
its superior in the United States. The pedestal, which was presented to 
Mr. Jefferson in France, contains the following inscription: — 

" Summo rerum moderatori cui tandem 
Libertas Americae Septentrionalis sruae fuit; 
Cui in posterum curae erit nomen Thomae Jefferson, "f 



* This unfortunate artist afterwards joined the French revolution, and 
was guillotined for attempting the life of Napoleon. 

t During the whole time that this bust was in the possession of Mr. Jeffer- 
son, this inscription was not to be seen; even his own family did not know 
of its existence. Mr. J. had no personal ambition — his was to serve his 
country. 



(To the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, under whose watchful care th© 
liberties of N- America were finally achieved, and under whose tutelage the 
name of Thomas Jefferson will descend forever blessed to posterity.)* 

Opposite to the bust of Jefferson is that of the generous and brave Lafay- 
ette, also in marble, of colossal and bold proportions, presenting simply the 
head of this noble friend to liberty; it is designed for an elevated position, 
which it does not now hold. The likeness is admirable, and highly creditable 
to the artist, P. J. David, of Angers, 1828. On one side of the base block is 
inscribed an extract from Lafayette's speech in the House of Representa- 
tives, December 10, 1824, in the following words: — 

" What better pledge can be given of a persevering rational love of lib- 
erty, when those blessings are evidently the result of a virtuous resistance 
of oppression, an institution founded on the rights of man, and the republi- 
can principles of self-government. " 

On the other side are inscribed Lafayette's last words in his answer to the 
President's farewell speech, Washington, September, 1825: — 

" God bless you, sir, and all who surround us. God bless the American 
people, each of their States, and the Federal Government. Accept the 
patriotic farewell of an overflowing heart; such will be its last throb when 
it ceases to beat." 

Over the cornice of the alcoves, upon the blocking of the gallery, are sev- 
eral plaster busts— one of General Jackson, another of General Moultrie; 
the latter is a good likeness, and is the work of Colonel J. S. Cogdale, of 
South Carolina, an amateur artist, who has executed several meritorious 
works of art, which he has, artist like, liberally bestowed on others. The 
situation which these busts occupy is well suited to them; and we could 
wish to see a series of busts of our most distinguished men, particularly 
of a literary and scientific character, gracing this part of the Library. 



VIEWS OF THE CITY— COMMITTEE ROOMS. 

From the platform of the portico, or rather colonnade, into which the 
Library opens, the view is one of great beauty and interest. The whole 
Western end of the city lies before you, sectioned off in radii from the 
point you stand in by avenues. To the left flows the broad expanse of waters 
of the Potomac; beyond these the Virginia shore rises into an eminence, 
crowned by a classic looking building, the seat of George W, P. Custis, 
Esq., the step-son of the illustrious Washington. On the right are the 
City Hall, General Post Office, Patent Office, Treasury, President's 
House, and other public buildings; and beyond the heights bordering the 
city, upon which several large buildings are erected, particularly the 
Columbia College. In front is the spacious mall, (yet to be improved,) 
stretching away to the Potomac, where a little to the left is the Smithsonian 
Institution building, and beyond, in the centre of the mall, the Washington 
National Monument, On a lofty eminence further on is seen the National 
Observatory, and near at hand the beautiful grounds of the Capitol within 
the railing, 

Passing out of the Library into the corridor, and turning either to the right 
or left, you come to a flight of stone steps leading to the attic or third floor 

* The writer of this was fortunate in securing two Daguerreotype like- 
nesses of the bust — a front and side face. Before the destruction of the 
original, he had made the effort to procure a cast from the same, but not 
succeeding, the Daguerreotype was resorted to, the object being to furnish 
the artist of the Virginia Washington Monument, Richmond, Mr. Crawford, 
then in Rome, with a correct head of this great man for the statue which 
Mr. C. was then preparing for that monument. This bust was regarded by 
Mr. Jefferson's family as presenting the most perfect likeness of him of anv 
extant. 



29 

of the building, which contains a number of committee rooms, also ror the 
deposite of paper. On this floor, each side of the steps, a wide corridor ex- 
tends North and South; that on the North communicates with the following 
committee rooms of the House: No. 30, Committee on Public Lands; No 31, 
Committee on Agriculture; No. 32, Committee on Elections; No. 34, Com- 
mittee on Roads and Canals. The corridor South leads to the Committee- 
rooms; No, 28, Committee on Manufactures; No. 29, Committee on Foreign 
Affairs; Nos. 26 and 27 are document rooms. The cross passages at the 
end of these corridors communicate with stairways which lead to the roof 
and to the basement story. Within the Senate wing a stairway (communi- 
cating with the Senate post office and the folding room below) leads up to a 
suite of committe and other rooms, as follows: — No. 40, Document Room; 
Committee on Public Lands, Committee on Roads and Canals, Committee on 
Territories, Committee on Commerce, Committee on Public Buildings, and 
Committee on Patents. In the story above these rooms is a large gallery for 
the stationery, &c, of the Senate. On the Senate floor: — President of the 
Senate, Audience Chamber, Secretary of the Senate and his suite of offices, 
Committee of Finance, &.c. The stairway at the North end is generally used 
to communicate with the roof; and those fond of picturesque and panoramic 
scenery will be fully repaid for the labor of ascending to the giddy summit 
of the great dome. Those more timid will be satisfied to view the landscape 
from the general level of the roof, which is more confined, as you can only . 
see that which is immediately before you, whereas, from the galleried apex 
of the dome, you can take a bird's eye view embracing the whole horizon. 
In whatever direction here the vision is cast, there is something interesting 
to be seen. On one hand a rising city, with its numerous avenues, branching 
off in all directions, like radii from a centre, its splendid public buildings, 
and hum of active life; on one hand, the noble Potomac, rolling its ample tide 
to the ocean, and receiving as it passes the city the tributary of its Eastern 
branch, the Anacosta. To the North stretches a range of high lands, with 
varied scenery of groves and buildings; to the East the native forest termi- 
nates the view, opened here and there by the rail and turnpike roads to Bal- 
timore; on the Southeast lies the Navy Yard and Marine Barracks, City 
Asylum and Congressional Burying Ground; on the South and West, the 
Arsenal and Penitentiary; on the West, the public Mall with its progressive 
improvements, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Washington National 
Monument; further on the National Observatory lifts its revolving dome, 
and beyond this are seen the heights of Georgetown, with its cluster of 
buildings rising in bold relief. Looking down the river, Alexandria is seen, 
and beyond, in the dim distance, Mount Vernon, the spot endeared to every 
American bosom, as enclosing the venerated remains of the great founder 
of this city. Looking down Pennsylvania avenue, the President's House and 
Treasury close the view; to the right lie the General Post Office, Patent 
Office, and City Hall, all conspicuous buildings. At the foot of the Capitol 
hill is seen the Tiber, winding its way from the North to the Potomac; 
before it enters the river, art has prepared for it a splendid basin 150 feet 
wide, walled on each side to grace its waters. The Washington canal, 
completed to the Eastern Branch, is now constituted a branch of the Tiber; 
so that it may be said to have two mouths or outlets.* 



* The attention of Congress should be called to the present condition of 
the Tyber and its outlet into the canal. Its unchecked washings have 
already rendered this canal unfit for navigation, and it must soon become a 
nuisance, and produce an epidemic in the neighborhood. The' Tiber should 
be kept within proper limits, after being cleaned out and deepened, and a 
large basin formed within the mall to receive its sediments, and its waters 
discharged over a dam into the canal. The Government, when it cut a new 
channel for this stream, did make a temporary dam, at its intersection with 
the canal, which was of some service, but it was washed away, and the 
canai banked up and rendered useless. The better plan would be to divert 
the waters of this stream to the north into the Eastern Branch. 



30 

ADVICE TO VISITORS. 

After the eye has heen gratified in ranging over this wide-spread scene of 
Ml and dale, cities, towns, rivers, and canals, it may be invited to survey 
the objects in its immediate vicinity; the fretted roof expanded below, and 
the deep chasms formed by the several courts, which present a terrific ap- 
pearance looking down them. The whole of this roof is covered with cop- 
per in the most substantial manner. On the North is seen the swell of the 
dome surmounting the Senate Chamber; on the South, that crowning the 
Hall of Representatives. Besides these there are several smaller domes, 
lanterns and skylights. The balustraded platform on the apex of the great 
dome is 145 feet above the foot pavement on the East front, and 213 feet 
above the tide. 
• The access to the top of this dome is very inconvenient, and indeed dan- 

gerous to those who are subject to giddiness in clambering heights. The 
steps are on the outside? and those unaccustomed to looking down from grea,t 
elevations should take the precaution of looking at their feet, when either 
ascending or descending, which is their best security against giddiness.* 

Two flag-masts are placed, one on each side of the great dome, upon 
which, during the session, flags are hoisted when either or both Houses are 
sitting; the lowering of the flag denotes the rising of either House, accord- 
ing to which it is attached. 
/ The centre of the Capitol is constituted the meridian for the United States. 
It lies in North latitude 38 degrees 52 minutes 48-3 seconds, and longitude 
76 degrees 55 minutes 30 seconds West of Greenwich, England. The base 
of the building is 73 feet above tide. 

Strangers visiting the Capitol and desirous of a guide will find this in the 
attentions of Mr. Dunnington and Mr. Arnold, who are charged with the 
oversight of the building, and who are constantly to be found at their post 
during the hours when the doors of the buildings are open — namely, from 
six to six in summer, and from sunrise to sunset in winter. Messrs. D. and 
A. take great pleasure in communicating information. As these officers re- 
ceive a salary from the Government, visitors are not subject to any contri- 
butions in gratifying their curiosity or examining the building with either 
of them.f 

HISTORY OF THE CAPITOL. 

It may be interesting to all to be acquainted with the history of the Capi- 
tol from its first projection, and its cost up to the present time. 

The original design of the Capitol was presented by Doctor William 
Thornton, (afterwards Superintendent of the Patent Office,) a gentleman 
amateur of considerable taste; a man of genius and of public spirit. The 
general plan, approved by President Washington in 179!^, was submitted to 
S. Hallet, Esq., air'EBgiJsh architect, appointed to carry the building into ' 
execution, who modified it in some of its parts. The North wing was first 
erected; the corner stone was laid by General Washington on the 18th Sep- 
tember-rl793. Mr. Hallett was succeeded by G. Hatfield, Esq., an archi- 

* A very serious accident had nearly been experienced by a lady running 
round the skylight of the dome. Her foot slipped and she fell upon the 
glazed sash, broke the glass, and but for the strength of the sash bars, would 
have fallen through; in which case she would have been precipitated to the 
pavement of the Rotundo, 120 feet below. Since then an iron railing has 
been put round the skylight. 

t Police of the Capitol. — Three persons are constantly on duty, by day, 
to protect the buildings, enclosures, trees and shrubs; tc keep order, and 
report to the Commissioner every violation of the rules and regulations; to 
keep away vagrants , disorderly persons and boys; to conduct visitors through 
the buildings, and to keep in order the Rotundo, passages, porticos, steps, 
&c. The police officers of the Capitol will be given hereafter. 



31 

tect of fine taste, and a beautiful draughtsman, but before the North wing 
was completed Mr. HalleW resigned, and James Hoban, Esq., architect of 
the President's House, was "appointed to carry on the work, who finished the 
North wing; both Houses of Congress then sat in this wing. In 1803 Mr. 
Jefferson appointed B. H. Latrobe, Esq., architect of the Capitol — a man of 
fine talents and of superior genius, who designed the interior, and directed 
the execution of the South wing, and in eight years prepared the halls for 
the reception of Congress. 

The plan of the first House of Representatives was of an elliptical form, 
or rather a square bounded by two semi-circles, and surmounted by a dome, 
corresponding with the idea of Mr. Jefferson. This dome had numerous 
panel lights, and was supported by a freestone colonnade. It was a very 
handsome as well as a good speaking room. Nothing further was done 
during the embargo, non-intercourse, and war; and, in this time, the inte- 
rior of both wings was destroyed by an incursion of the enemy. 

[It may be here remarked that, before the erection of the South wing, the 
House sat in a temporary brick building erected for its reception, which 
was of an elliptical form, and found to be a good speaking room; hence, 
when the permanent Hall was erected, this general form was adopted by 
Mr. Jefferson for it.] 

A building was raised immediately after by the patriotic citizens of 
Washington, opposite the northeast corner of the Capitol square, for the 
temporary accommodation of Congress, where the two Houses assembled 
for several sessions. In 1815 the Government determined to restore the 
Capitol. The work was commenced by Mr. Latrobe, who continued to » 
superintend its execution until December, 1817, when he resigned his 
charge.* Mr. Monroe, who was then President, appointed C. Bulfinch, Esq., 
of Boston, to directthe work, who carried out the plans of Mr. Latrobe to acer- 
tain extent, and erected the centre building. Under this gentleman the present 
structure was completed, with its terraces, gateways, lodges, &c, all in the 
course of ten- years. 

The architect of the present additions to the Capitol, now under construc- 
tion, is T. U. Walter, Esq., of Philadelphia. 
The cost of the Capitol, prior to the burning in Au- 
gust, 1814, was $788,071 28 

Cost from 1814 to 1830, including graduating, improving 

and enclosing square 1,808,428 93 

Expended since, in alterations and improvements in the 
Hall of Representatives, water works, improving the 
grounds, recoppering the dome, &c 93,959 00 

Making the total cost of the Capitol and grounds $2,690,459 21 

The additions making now to this building, with the extension of the 
grounds, will add some five millions of dollars more to the cost. The ac- 
commodations now to be provided will probably require no further increase 
for a century to come . 

* The resignation of this gentleman was most unfortunate for the unity of 
design of the building, as innovations upon the original plan were soon after 
made which resulted unfavorably to the symmetry of the whole ; errors have 
been committed which cannot be now corrected but at great expense. 



COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
Room No. 41 Sub-Basement, Capitol. 

B. B. French.: Commissioner. 

T. J. Williams . Clerk. 

Police of the Capitol. — C. W. C. Dunnington, captain; J. L. West, 
Aquilla K. Arnold, J. W. Griffith, John Nokes. 

Watchmen, etc., of Capitol. — J. Henderson, gatekeeper; J. B. Ken^ 
drick, J. B. Chatterton. 

Watchmen of President's House. — Edward McManus, Thomas Stack - 
pole, John K. Vernon, Charles F. Corse. 

Miscellaneous. — William Dant, fireman; H. Graham, laborer. 

Grounds. — J. Maher, public gardener; John Watt, gardener of Presi- 
dent's House; Nicholas Kapp, and fourteen others, laborers; C. Kaufman* 
Conrad Kraft, lamplighters. 

Bridges. — T. C. Wells, William Leach, draw-keepers of Potomac bridge; 
C. Cumberland, J. De Long, assistant draw -keepers; BayleyBrower, keeper 
of Upper bridge, Eastern Branch ; James S. Buckley, keeper of Navy Yard 
bridge. 

Auxiliary Guard. — James H. Birch, captain, and thirty men. 

Superintendent of Public Grounds. — William D. Breckenridge. 



Duties of the Commissioner . 

1. Has charge of the Capitol, public grounds, and bridges. 

2. Appoints agents, and fixes their compensation. 

3. Submits estimates for repairs of the Capitol, bridges, and other public 
works, and contracts for the same. 

4. Determines the number of workmen to be employed, and their pay. 

5. Provides all materials, and makes all payments on account of the 
same. 

6. Keeps regular entries of his disbursements of moneys appropriated by 
Congress for public works under his charge, and keeps each appropriation 
separate and distinct. 

7. Procures vouchers (at his own risk) that will pass the Treasury. 

8. Sees that the plan and regulations of the city are observed. 

9. Ascertains the number and value of the public lots. 

10. Makes sales of the public lots, and executes deeds of conveyance to 
the purchasers, when required to do so by law, and to account for the 
proceeds. 

11. Selects and values the donation lots. 

12. Makes, under circumstances prescribed by law, streets through and 
footings of the public grounds. 

14. Has the care and management of the public grounds. « 

13. Attends to suits depending between the United States and individuals, 
in relation to the right of property. 

16. Attends, at his office, to the calls of all persons on matters of business. 

17. Furnishes reports, papers, and evidences from the records of his office, 
when called for by members of Congress and others. 

18. Attends to the enclosing and improving of the public grounds. 

29. Enferces the» rules and regulations prescribed by the joint orders of 
the presiding officers of the two Houses of Congress for the care, preserva* 
tion, orderly keeping, and police of the Capitol and its appurtenances. 

20. Enforces the rules and regulations prescribed by the President of the 
United States for the care, preservation, orderly keeping, and police of the 
Capitol and other public property in the city of Washington. 

21. Makes annually to Congress, at the commencement of the session, a 
report of the manner in which all the appropriations for the public build- 
ings and grounds have been applied-, of the number of public lots sold or 



3§ 

remaining unsold each year; of the condition of the public buildings and 
grounds under his charge; and of the measures necessary to be taken for the 
preservation and care of the public property. 



Rules and Regulations addressed to the 'Commissioner of Public Buildings, 
established by order of the two Houses of Congress, May 16, 1828. 

1. For the preservation, orderly keeping, and police of all such portions 
of the Capitol, its appurtenances, and the enclosures about it, and the public" 
buildings and property in its immediate vicinity, as are riot in the exclusive 
use and occupation of either House of Congress, you are authorized to em- 
ploy four assistants, and to allow one of them one dollar and twenty-five 
cents per day, and the others one dollar per day, each, for their services. 
(This regulation has been since changed, both in the number of assistants 
and their compensation,] 

2. You will strictly enforce, within the limits above prescribed, the regu- 
lations of the city of Washington for the preservation of the public peace 
and order, especially in relation to hackney coaches and drivers," vagrants, 
beggars, drunkards, disorderly persons, and persons of ill fame. 

3. You will not permit refreshments to be sold in any part of the building 
or its appendages, except in the rooms on the ground floor appropriated to 
that purpose; the rooms to be opened on days when Congress are sitting 
only, and closed on each day as soon after the adjournment of both Houses 
as may be practicable; bills of rates are to be made out by the restorateurs, 
and, after being approved by you, to be printed and kept pasted up in each 
room.* 

4. You will not permit children to frequent the Capitol or square, unless 
in charge of some discreet person, and people of color, except on necessary 
business. 

5. During the recess of Congress, all the gates leading to the square are 
to be closed at dark and opened at sunrise.* 

6. You will assign a stand for the hacks, not in front of the building, and 
confine them to it while waiting within the Capitol square. 

J. C. CALHOUN, Vice President. 
A. STEVENSON, Speaker H. R. 



OFFICERS OF THE SENATE. 
Secretary Asbury Dickens. 

Clerks. — Lewis H. Mechen, principal clerk, William Hickey, executive 
do.; Thomas W. Dickens, William J. McDonald, legislative do.; John C. 
Fitzpatrick, account do. ; William Patten, Seth A. Elliot, engrossing do. ; 
William F. Price, Silvanus E. Benson. 

Sergeant-at-Arms. — Dunning R. McNair; Isaac Holland, assistant door- 
keeper. 

Clerk to President of Senate. — George H. Jones; N. C. Towle, clerk 
to Committee on Claims. 

Draughtsman. — D. H. Burr. 

Messengers in thl Office of the Secretary. — Y. P. Page, D. Conroy; 
W. Rorer, C. S. Jones, pages. 

Messengers of the Senate. — Isaac Bassett, J. M. Jamieson, M. Dooley, 
M. Titcomb, J. F. Morton, J. G. Schott, L. C. Forsyth; J. Sraallwood, 
mail carrier. 



* In both of these orders changes have been made — the refectories have 
been abolished, and the gates are kept open until 10 o'clock, p", m. 

5 



34 



. i 



THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS. 
Senate. 
David R. Atchison President pro. 



SENATORS. 



A. 



Stephen Adams, Mississippi. 
Philip Allen, Rhode Island. 
David R. Atchison, Missouri. 

B. 
George E. Badger, North Carolina. 
James A. Bayard, Delaware, 
John Bell, Tennessee. 
J. P. Benjamin, Louisiana. 
Jesse D. Bright, Indiana, 
Robert Brodhead, Pennsylvania. 
Andrew P. Butler, South Carolina, 

C. 
Lewis Cass, Michigan. 
Salmon P. Chase, Ohio. 
C. C. Clay, Jr., Alabama. 
John M. Clayton, Delaware. 
James Cooper, Pennsylvania. 

William C. Dawson, Georgia. 
A. Dixon, Kentucky. 
Henry Dodge, Wisconsin. 
Augustus C. Dodge, Iowa. 
Samuel A. Douglas, Illinois. 

E. 
J. J. Evans, South Carolina. 
Edward Everett, Massachusetts. 

F. 
Hamilton Fish, New York. 
Benjamin Fitzpatrick, Alabama, 
Solomon Foot, Vermont. 

G. 
H. S. Geyer, Missouri. 
William M. Gwin, California. 

H. 
Hannibal Hamlin, Maine. 
Sam. Houston, Texas. 
Robert M. T. Hunter, Virginia. 



J. 



Charles T. James, Rhode Island, 
Robert W. Johnson, Arkansas, 
George W. Jones, Iowa. 
T. C. Jones, Tennessee. 

M. 
Samuel R. Mallory, Florida. 
James M. Mason, Virginia. 
Jackson Morton, Florida. 

N. 
Moses Norris, New Hampshire . 

P. 
James A. Pearce, Maryland. 
John Pettit, Indiana, 
S. S. Phelps, Vermont. 
Thomas G. Pratt, Maryland. 

R. 
Thomas J, Rusk, Texas, 

S. 
William K. Sebastian, Arkansas, 
William H. Seward, New York. 
James Shields, Illinois. 
John Slidell, Louisiana. 
Truman Smith, Connecticut. 
Charles E. Stuart, Michigan. 
Charles Sumner, Massachusetts, 

T. 
John B. Thompson, Kentucky. 
John R. Thomson, New Jersey, 
Robert Toombs, Georgia. 
Isaac Toucey, Connecticut. 

W. 
Benjamin F. Wade, Ohio. 
Isaac P. Walker, Wisconsin. 
John B. Weller, California. 
Jared W. Williams, New Hampshire 
William Wright, New Jersey. 
Three vacancies. 



LIST OF SENATE COMMITTEES, 

On Foreign Relations. — Mr. Mason, chairman; Messrs. Bouglas, Sli- 
dell, Clayton, Weller, Everett. 

On Finance.— Mr. Hunter, chairmari; Messrs. Bright, Gwin, Pearce, 
Norris, Badger. 

On Commerce. — Mr. Hamlin, chairman; Messrs. Dodge, of Wisconsin, 
Stuart, Seward, Clay, Benjamin. 

On Manufactures.— Mr. Wright, chairman; Messrs, Allen, Fish, But- 
ler, Dixon. 

On Agriculture— Mr. Allen, chairman; Messrs. Hunter, Wade, Thorn- 
ton, of New Jewaey, Morton. 



35 

On Military Affairs. — Mr. Shields, chairman; Messrs. Weller, Fitz- 
patrick, Dawson, Johnson, Jones, of Tennessee. 

On Militia. — Mr. Houston* chairman; Messrs. Dodge, of Wisconsin, Mor- 
ton, Shields, Thompson, of Kentucky. 

On Naval Affairs. — Mr. Gwin, chairman; Messrs. Mallory, Brodhead, 
Fish, Thomson, of New Jersey, Bell. 

On Public Lands. — Mr. Dodge, of Iowa, chairman; Messrs. Stuart, John- 
son, Foot, Walker, Clayton. 

On Private Land Claims. — Mr. Pettit, chairman; Messrs. Sebastian, 
Benjamin, Allen, Thomson, of New Jersey. 

On Indian Affairs. — Mr. Sebastian, chairman; Messrs. Walker, Adams, 
Cooper, Rusk, Toombs. 

Of Claims. — Mr. Brodhead, chairman; Messrs. Clay, Chase, Pratt, Wil- 
liams, Wade. 

On Revolutionary Claims. — Mr. Walker, chairman; Messrs. Toucey, 
Cooper, Evans, Dixon. 

On the Judiciary. — Mr. Butler, chairman; Messrs. Toucey, Bayard, 
Geyer, Pettit, Toombs. 

On the Post Office and Post Roads. — Mr. Rusk, chairman; Messrs. 
Brodhead, Hamlin, Morton, Adams, Smith. 

On Roads and Canal*. — Mr. Bright, chairman ; Messrs. Slidell, Wright, 
Dawson, Chase, Jones, of Tennessee. 

On Pensions. — Mr. Jones, of Iowa, chairman; Messrs. Clay, Seward, 
Williams, Sumner, Allen. 

On the District of Columbia — Mr. Norris, chairman; Messrs. Mason, 
Dawson, Bright, Pratt. 

On Patents and the Patent Office. — Mr. James, chairman; Messrs. 
Evans, Stuart, Fessenden., Chase, Thompson, of Kentucky. 

On Retrenchment. — Mr. Adams, chairman; Messrs. Toucey, Fish, Fitz- 
patrick, Badger. 

On Territories. — Mr. Douglas, chairman; Messrs. Houston, Johnson, 
Bell, Jonei, of Iowa, Everett. 

To Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. — 
Mr. Evans, chairman; Messrs. Dodge, of Iowa, Foot. 

On Public Buildings. — Mr. Bayard, chairman; Messrs. James, Hunter, 
Badger, Thomson, of New Jersey, Pratt. 

On Printing. — Mr. Hamlin, chairman; Messrs. Smith, Fitzpatrick. 

On Engrossed Bills. — Mr. Fitzpatrick, chairman; Messrs. Pettit, and 
Wade. 

On Enrolled Bills. — Mr. Jones, of Iowa, chairman; Mr. Sumner. 

On the Library. — Mr. Pearce, chairman; Messrs. Cass, Bayard. 

Select Committee on the Causes of Sickness and Mortality on 
Board of Emigrant Ships. — Mr. Fish, chairman; Messrs. Shields, Sum- 
ner, Hamlin, Benjamin. 

Select Committee on French Spoliations. — Mr. Hamlin, chairman; 
Messrs. Thomson, of New Jersey, Dawson, Pearce, Adams. 

Select Committee on the subject of a National Railroad from 
the Mississippi Valley to the Pacific Ocean. — Mr- Gwin, chairman; 
Messrs. Bright, Rusk, Douglas, Bell, Everett, Seward, Geyer, Evans. 



36 
OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Clerk of the House of Representatives John W.Forney. 

Clerks.— William V. McKean, chief clerk; Daniel Buck, J.M. Barclay, 
J. Bailey, J. Galpin, W. Lee, C. Cole, R. S. Sproule, M.Martin, J. H. Hun- 
hicut, W. H. Minnix, J. H. Barker, assistant clerks; J. R. Queen, J. Mis- 
sirmer, messengers; F. Reilly, laborer. 

Sergeant-at-Arms.— A. J. Glossbrenner; W. J. Flood, C.Cole, clerks 
to Sergeant-at-Arms. 

Postmaster.— John M. Johnson; J. T. Moss, J. Henry, J. Owner, A. 
Gillespie, messengers. 

Doorkeeper.— Z. W. McKnew; C. W. Stewart, messenger. T. J. Gait, 
superintendent of Folding Room; S. Lambom, superintendent of Document 
Room. 

Messengers.— S. Phillips, J. J. Randolph, J. L. Wright, W. McKnew, 
J. J. Johnson, W. Sanborn, H. B. Taylor, M. McConnell, J. D. Ward, H. 
W. Moore, W. T. Stewart, M. French, J. P. Raub, J. J. Mulloy, B. Patter- 
son, H. Douglas. 



THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS. 

House of Representatives, 

Linn Botd Speaker of the House of Representatives. 



MEMBERS. 



A. 



James Abercrombie, Alabama. 

William Aiken, South Carolina. 

James C. Allen, Illinois. 

Willis Allen, Illinois. 

William Appleton, Massachusetts. 

William S. Ashe, North Carolina. 

B. 
David J. Bailey, Georgia. 
Thomas H. Bayly, Virginia. 
Edward Ball, Ohio, 
Nathaniel P. Banks, jr., Mass. 
William Barksdale, Mississippi. 
William S. Barry, Mississippi. 
Nathan Belcher, Connecticut. 
P. H. Bell, Texas. 
Henry Bennett, New York. 
Samuel P. Benson, Maine. 
Thomas Hi Benton, Missouri. 
William H. Bissell, Illinois. 
George Bliss, Ohio. 
Thomas S. Bocock, Virginia. 
William W. Boyce, South Carolina. 
John C. Breckinridge, Kentucky. 
Samuel A. Bridges, Pennsylvania. 
Preston S. Brooks, South Carolina. 
Robert M. Bugg, Tennessee. 

C. 
Lewis D. Campbell, Ohio. 
Davis Carpenter, New York. 
Samuel Caruthers, Missouri. 
John S. Caskie, Virginia. 



Ebenezer M. Chamberlain, Indiana. 
Joseph R. Chandler, Pennsylvania. 
George VV. Chase, New York. 
Elijah W. Chastain, Georgia. 
James S. Chrisman, Kentucky. 
William M. Church well, Tennessee. 
Samuel Clark, Michigan. 
Thomas L. Clingman, N. Carolina. 
Williamson R. W. Cobb, Alabama. 
Alfred H. Colquitt, Georgia. 
John P. Cook, Iowa. 
Moses B. Corwin, Ohio. 
Leander M. Cox, Kentucky. 
Burton Craige, North Carolina. 
Samuel L. Crocker, Massachusetts. 
William Cullom, Tennessee. 
Thomas W. Cumming, New York. 
Carlton B. Curtis, Pennsylvania. 
Francis B. Cutting, New York. 

D. 
John G. Davis, Indiana. 
Thomas Davis, Rhode Island. 
John L. Dawson, Pennsylvania. 
Gilbert Dean, New York. 
William B. W. Dent, Goorgia. 
Alexander De Witt, Massachusetts . 
John Dick, Pennsylvania. 
Edward Dickinson, Massachusetts. 
David T Disney, Ohio. 
James F. Dowdell, Alabama. 
Augustus Drum, Pennsylvania. 
William Dunbar, Louisiana. 



37 



Cyrus L. Dunham, Indiana. 

E. 
Ben C. Eastman, Wisconsin. 
Norman Eddy, Indiana. 
Alfred P. Edgerton, Ohio. 
J. Wiley Edmands, Massachusetts. 
Henry A. Edmundson, Virginia. 
John M . Elliott, Kentucky. 
Andrew Ellison, Ohio. 
William H. English, Indiana. 
Emerson Etheridge, Tennessee. 
William Everhart, Pennsylvania. 
Presley Ewing, Kentucky. 

F. 
E. Wilder Farley, Maine. 
Charles J. Faulkner, Virginia. 
Reuben E. Fenton, New York. 
Thomas T. Flagler, New York. 
Thomas B. Florence, Pennsylvania. 
John R. Franklin, Maryland. 
Thomas J. D. Fuller, Maine. 

G. 
James Gamble, Pennsylvania. 
Jcshua R. Giddings, Ohio. 
William O. Goode, Virginia. 
John Z. Goodrich, Massachusetts. 
Frederick W. Green, Ohio. 
Alfred B. Greenwood, Arkansas. 
Ben Edwards Grey, Kentucky. 
Galusha A. Grow, Pennsylvania. 

H. 
William T. Hamilton, Maryland. 
Aaron Harlan, Ohio. 
Andrew J. Harlan, Indiana. 
Sampson W. Harris, Alabama. 
Wiley P. Harris, Mississippi. 
John Seott Harrison, Ohio. 
George Hastings, New York. 
Solomon G. Haven, New York. 
Thomas A. Hendricks, Indiana. 
Bernhart Henn, Iowa. 
JHarry Hibbard, New Hampshire. 
Isaac E. Hiester, Pennsylvania. 
Clements. Hill, Kentucky. 
Junius Hillyer, Georgia. 
George S. Houston, Alabama. 
Thomas M. Howe, Pennsylvania. 
Charles Hughes, New York. 
Theodore G. Hunt, Louisiana. 

I. 
Colin M Ingersoll, Connecticut. 

J. 
Harvey H. Johnson, Ohio. 
Daniel T. Jones, New York. 
George W. Jones, Tennessee. 
J. Glancy Jones, Pennsylvania. 
Roland Jones, Louisiana. 

K- 
Lawrence M. Keitt, South Carolina. 
John Kerr, North Carolina. 
Zedekiah Kidwell, Virginia. 



George W. Kittredgf.X. Hampshire. 

James Knox, Illinois. 

William H. Kurtz, Pennsylvania. 

Li. 
Alfred W. Lamb, Missouri. 
James H. Lane, Indiana. 
Milton S. Latham, California. 
John Letcher, Virginia. 
Samuel Lilly, New Jersey. 
James J. Lindley, Missouri. 
William D. Lindsley, Ohio. 
Caleb Lyon, New York. 

M. 
John McCulloch, Pennsylvania. 
Moses McDonald, Maine. 
James A. McDougall, California. 
Fayette McMullen, Virginia. 
John McNair, Pennsylvania. 
John McQueen, South Carolina. 
Daniel Mace, Indiana. 
John B. Macy, Wisconsin. 
Orsamus B. Matteson, New York. 
James Maurice, New York. 
Augustus E. Maxwell, Florida, 
Henry May, Maryland. 
Samuel Mayall, Maine. 
James Meacham, Vermont, 
Ner Middleswarth, Pennsylvania. 
John G. Miller, Missouri. 
Smith Miller, Indiana. 
John S. Millson, Virginia. 
Edwin B. Morgan, New York. 
George W. Morrison, N. Hampshire. 
William Murray, New York. 

N. 
Matthias H. Nichols, Ohio. 
David A. Noble, Michigan. 
Jesse O. Norton, Illinois. 

O. 
Edson B. Olds, Ohio. 
Andrew Oliver, New York. 
Mordecai Oliver, Missouri. 
James L. Orr, South Carolina. 

P. 
Asa Packer, Pennsylvania. 
Samuel W. Parker, Indiana. 
Jared V. Peck, New York. 
Rufus W. Peckham, New York. 
Alexander C. M. Pennington, N. J. 
Bishop Perkins, New York. 
John Perkins, jr., Louisiana. 
John S. Phelps, Missouri. 
Philip Phillips, Alabama. 
Paulus Powell, Virginia. 
James T. Pratt, Connecticut. 
William Preston, Kentucky. 
Benjamin Pr ingle, New York. 
Richard C. Puryear, North Carolina. 

R. 
Charles Ready, Tennessee. 
David A. Reese, Georgia. 



William A. Richardson, Illinois. 
George Read Riddle, Delaware. 
David Ritchie, Pennsylvania. 
Thomas Ritchey, Ohio. 
John Rohhins, jr., Pennsylvania. 
Sion H. Rogers, North Carolina. 
Peter Rowe, New York. 
Thomas Ruffin, North Carolina. 
Samuel L. Russell, Pennsylvania. 

S. 
Alvah Sabin, Vermont. 
Russell Sage, New York. 
William R. Sapp, Ohio. 
Zeno Scudder, Massachusetts. 
James L. Seward, Georgia. 
Origen S. Seymour, Connecticut. 
Wilson Shannon, Ohio. 
Henry M. Shaw, North Carolina. 
Jacob Shower, Maryland. 
George A. Simmons, New York. 
Otho R. Singleton, Mississippi. 
Charles Skelton, New Jersey. 
Gerrit Smith, New York. 
Samuel A. Smith, Tennessee. 
William Smith, Virginia. 
William R. Smith, Alabama. 
George W. Smyth, Texas. 
John F. Snodgrass, Virginia. 
Augustus R. Sollers, Maryland . 
Frederick P. Stanton, Tennessee. 
Richard H. Stanton, Kentucky. 
Alexander H. Stephens, Georgia. 
HestorL. Stevens, Michigan. 
Nathan T. Stratton, New Jersey. 
Christian M. Straub, Pennsylvania. 



Andrew Stuart, Ohio. 
David Stuart, Michigan. 

T. 
John J. Taylor, New York. 
John L. Taylor, Ohio. 
Benjamin B. Thurston, Rhode Island. 
Andrew Tracy, Vermont. 
Michael C. Trout, Pennsylvania. 
William M. Tweed, New York. 

U. 
Charles W. Upham, Massachusetts. 

V. 
George Vail, New Jersey. 
Joshua Vansant, Maryland. 

W. 
Edward Wade, Ohio. 
Hiram Walbridge, New York. 
William A. Walker, New York. 
Samuel H. Walley, Massachusetts. 
Mike Walsh, New York. 
Edward A. Warren, Arkansas. 
Ellihu B. Washburne, Illinois. 
Israel Washburn, jr., Maine. 
Daniel Wells, jr., Wisconsin. 
John Wentworth, Illinois. 
Tappan Wentworth, Massachusetts. 
Theodoric R. Westbrook, New York. 
John Wheeler, New York. 
William H. Witte, Pennsylvania. 
Daniel B. Wright, Mississippi. 
Hendrick B. Wright, Pennsylvania. 

Y. 
Richard Yates, Illinois. 

Z. 
Felix K. Zollicoffer, Tennessee. 



STANDING COMMITTEES— HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Committee of Elections. — Messrs. Stanton, of Kentucky, Gamble, 
Ewing, Seward, Matteson, Stratton, Dickinson, Bliss, Clark — Room No. 69, 
south wing. 

Ways and Means. — Messrs. Houston, Jones, of Tenn., Hibbard, Stephens, 
of Georgia, Phelps, Appleton, Breckinridge, Havens, Robbins, jr. — Room 
No. 42, 2d story, centre. 

Claims. — Messrs. Edgerton, Letcher, Giddings, Curtis, Mace, Miller, of 
Missouri, Ruffin, Ready, Boyce — Room No 50, south wing. 

Commerce. — Messrs. Fuller, Millson, Wentworth, of Illinois, Wentworth, 
of Massachusetts, Aiken, Harlan, of Ohio, Morrison, Dunbar, Fenton — 
Room No. 40, 2d story, centre. 

Public Lands. — Messrs. Disney, Cobb, Bennett, Henn, Latham, Hiester, 
Stevens, of Michigan, Caruthers, Warren — Room No. 30, 4th story, centre. 

Post Office and Post Roads. — Messrs. Olds, Powell, Upham, Jones, of 
New York, Harris, of Mississippi, Gray, Packer, Norton, McDougall — 
Room No. 44, 2d story, centre. 

DisTRicT of Columbia. — Messrs. Hamilton, Goode, Yates, Davis, of In- 
diana, Noble, Dick, Barry, Cullom, Taylor, of New York — Room No. 49, 
1st story, centre. 

Judiciary. — Messrs. Stanton, of Tennessee, Caskie, Meacham, Seymour, 



39 

Parker, Wright, of Pennsylvania, Kerr, Cutting, May — Room No. 77, 1st 
story, south wing. 

Revolutionary Claims. — Messrs. Peckham, Drum, Corwin, Elliott, 
Shower, Rogers, Snodgrass, Crocker, Eddy — Room No. 41, 2d story, 
centre. 

Public Expenditures. — Messrs. Kurtz, Hastings, Pennington, Brooks, 
Allen, of Illinois, Bugg, Stuart, of Michigan, Goodrich, De Witt. 

Private Land Claims. — Messrs. Hilyer, Lane, Ahercromhie, Smith, of 
Tennessee, Hunt, Hughes, Nichols, Westbrook — Room No. 39, 2d story, 
centre. 

Manufactures. — Messrs. McNair, Davis, of Rhode Island, Franklin, 
Walbridge, Kittredge, Mayall, Washburne, of Illinois, Dowdell, Lyon — 
Room No. 29, 4th story, centre. 

Agriculture. — Messrs. Dawson, McMullen, Allen, of Illinois, Puryear, 
Lindsley, Clark, Murray, Cook, Lilly — Room No. 31, 4th story, centre. 

Indian Affairs. — Messrs. Orr, Eastman, Grow, Ball, Maxwell, Wright, 
of Mississippi, Greenwood, Pringle, Latham — Room No. 32, 4th story, 
centre. 

Military Affairs. — Messrs. Bissell, Benton, Faulkner, Howe, Smith, of 
Alabama, Banks, McDougall, Etheridge, Vansant — Room No. 27, 4th story, 
centre . 

Militia. — Messrs. Chastain, Peck, Everhart, Kidwell, Sapp, Benson, Ma- 
cy, Wade, Maurice. 

Naval Affairs. — Messrs. Bocock, MacDonald, Chase, Ashe, Florence, 
ZollicofFer, Skelton, Colquitt, Sollers — Room No. 34, 4th story, centre. 

Public Buildings and Grounds. — Messrs. Craige, Belcher, Taylor, of 
Ohio, Keitt, Chamberlain — Room No. 49, 1st story, centre. 

Foreign Affairs. — Messrs. Bayly, of Virginia, Harris, of Alabama, Chan- 
dler, Ingersoll, Dean, Clingman, Shannon, Preston, Perkins — Room No. 29, 
4th story, centre. 

Territories. — Messrs. Richardson, McQueen, Taylor, of Ohio, Bailey, 
of Georgia, Smith, of Virginia, Parley, English, Phillips, Lamb — Room No, 
28, 4th story, centre. 

Revolutionary Pensions. — Messrs. Church well, Edmundson, Washburn, 
of Maine, Rowe, Middleswarth, Ellison, Lindley, Miller, Flagler — Room 
No. 43, 2d story, centre. 

Invalid Pensions. — Messrs. Hendricks, Straub, Sage, Vail, Chrisman, 
Stuart, of Ohio, Dent, Edmands, Tweed — Room No. 63, south wing. 

Roads and Canals. — Messrs. Dunham, Riddle, Campbell, Pratt, Walker, 
Ritchie, of Pennsylvania, Shaw, Cox, Barksdale — Room No. 80, 1st story, 
centre. 

Patents. — Messrs. Thurston, Bridges, Tracy, Perkins, Hill— Room No, 
70, south wing. 

Revisal and Unfinished Business — Messrs. Cobb, McNair, McCulloch, 
Stuart, of Ohio, Sabin. 

Accounts. — Messrs. Curtis, Oliver, Morgan, Ritchey, of Ohio, Singleton: 
Room No. 64, south wing. 

Mileage. — Messrs. Harlan, of Indiana, Witte, Reese, Johnson, Knox. 

Engraving. — Messrs. Riddle, Walsh, Simmons. 

Library. — Messrs. Benton, Chandler, Faulkner. 

Printing. — Messrs. Murray, Stanton, of Kentucky. Russell — Room No. 
69, south wing. 

Enrolled Bills.— Messrs. Green, De Witt. 



40 

Expenditures in the State Department. — Messrs. Wells, Vail, Crocker, 
Smith, of Tennessee, Flagler. 

Expenditures in the Treasury Department. — Messrs. Stuart, of Michi- 
gan, Curamings, Oliver, of Missouri, Trout, Wade. 

Expenditures in the War Department. — Messrs. Kittredge, Wheeler, 
Middleswarth, Carpenter, Washburne, of Illinois. 

Expenditures in the Navy Department. -^Messrs. McMullen, Ritehey, 
of Ohio, Upham, Dowdell, Pennington. 

Expenditures in the Post Office Department. — Messrs. Lilly, Mil- 
ler, of Indiana, Benson, Seward, Abercrombie. 

Expenditures on the Public Buildings. — Messrs. Edmundson, Walsh, 
Sabin, Trout, Cumming. 

Rules. — Messrs . Mace, Campbell, Millson, Stephens, of Georgia, Wright, 
of Pennsylvania. 

Smithsonian Fund. — Messrs. Chandler, Seward, Taylor, of Ohio, Jones, 
of Louisiana, Smith, of New York, Eddy, Belcher, Dowdell, Franklin. 



DELEGATES. 

Henry M. Rice, Minnesota. Jose Manuel Gallegos, New Mexico. 

Joseph Lane, Oregon. John M. Bernhisel, Utah. 



SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



& THE Supreme Court of the United States has ex° 

^_ r. "^ir^KiC^ elusive jurisdiction of all controversies of a civil 

/ 0ttflnsm&J° J vf'$k nature, where a State is a party, except between a 

'":' fjW \ State and its citizens; and except, also, between a 

|| / \ State and citizens of other States, or aliens — in 

jjjr / \ which latter case it has original, but not exclusive, 

; II ZJsA jurisdiction, and has exclusively all such jurisdiction 

Ql:.Jp> tSj ^E5r of suits or proceedings against ambassadors, or other 

^ -®l public ministers, or their domestics, or domestic 

ii^^jS servants, as a court of law can have or exercise 

iiiE T^'«iilm consistently with the law of nations — and original, 

but not exclusive, jurisdiction of all suits brought by ambassadors, or other 

public ministers, or in which a consul or vice consul shall be a party. The 

Supreme Court has also appellate jurisdiction from the Circuit Courts and 

courts of the several States, in certain cases; and has power to issue writs 

of prohibition to District Courts, when proceeding as courts of admiralty and 

maritime jurisdiction, and writs of mandamus, incases warranted by the 

principles and usages of law, to any courts appointed, or persons holding 

office, under the authority of the United States. 

A final judgment or decree in any suit, in the highest court of law or equi- 
ty of a State, in which a decision in the suit could be had, where is drawn 
in question the validity of a treaty or statute of, or an authority exercised 
under, the United States, and the decision is against their validity — or where 
is drawn in question the validity of a statute of or an authority exercised 
under any State, on the ground of their being repugnant to the Constitution, 
treaties, or laws of the United States, and the decision is in favor of such 
their validity — or where is drawn in question the construction of any clause 
of the Constitution, or of a treaty or statute of, or commission held under, the 
United States, and the decision is against the title, right, privilege, or ex- 
emption, specially set up or claimed by either party, under such clause of 



41 

the constitution, treaty, statute, or commission, may be re-examined, and 
reversed or affirmed, in the Supreme Court of the United States, upon a writ 
of error, the citation being signed by the chief justice, or judge, or chan- 
cellor, of the court rendering or passing the judgment complained of, or by 
a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the same manner, 
and under the same regulations, and the writ has the same effect, as if the 
judgment or decree complained of had been rendered or passed in a Circuit 
Court, and the proceeding upon the revisal is also the same, except that the 
Supreme Court, instead of remanding the cause for a final decision, may, at 
their discretion, if the cause shall have been remanded before, proceed to a 
final decision of the same and award .execution. But no other error can be 
assigned or regarded as a ground of reversal in any such case, than such as 
appears on the face of the record, and immediately respects the before- 
mentioned question of validity or construction of the said constitution, trea- 
ties, statutes, commissions, or authorities in dispute. 
The following is the mode of suing out a writ of error: — 
In cases of writs of error to a federal court, the writ should be allowed, 
citation signed, and bond approved, by a circuit judge; where the writ is to 
a State court the same must be done either by a justice of the Supreme 
Court or by the presiding judge of the court whose judgment is complained 
of. With the transcript of the record for the Supreme Court should be re- 
turned file writ, citation, with service, and a copy of the bond, filing in the 
office below the bond and copies of the writ and citation. 

The annual meeting of this Court takes place in the Capitol of the United 
States, on the second Monday in each December. The chamber it now oc- 
cupies is on the first floor of the building in the north wing; it was built 
designedly for its accommodation, but from its low position, want of a proper 
light, and cramped space for business, it has been long complained of.. This 
chamber is very rich in its architectural arrangement, and of a form well 
adapted to forensic debate. As we have previously described this chamber, 
it will be unnecessary to enlarge on this head. The entrances to it are much 
below its dignity, winding and. dark, and through the same vestibule on the 
east front of the Capitol, conducting to the marble staircase leading to the 
Senate Chamber above. 



Judges of the Supreme Court 

Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice, Mr. Brenner's, north side Pennsylvania 
avenue, between 3d and 4}/£ streets. 

John McLean, Associate Justice, Brown's Hotel. 

James M. Wayne, Associate Justice, Mr. Brenner's, north side Pennsyl- 
vania avenue, between 3d and 4^ streets. 

John Catron, Associate Justice, Brown's Hotel. 

Peter V. Daniel, Associate Justice, F street, between 6th and 7th streets. 

Samuel Nelson, Associate Justice, Gadsby's Hotel. 

Robert C. Grier, Associate Justice, Mr. Brenner's, north side Pennsylva- 
nia avenue, between 3d and i% streets. 

Benjamin R. Curtis, Associate Justice, Gilman's Building, northwest cor- 
ner 4)^ and C streets. 

John A. Campbell, Associate Justice, 15th street, between G and H sts. 

Caleb Cushing, Attorney General, northeast corner H and 17th streets. 

Benjamin C. Howard, Reporter of Supreme Court, Mr. Brenner's, north 
side Pennsylvania avenue, between 3d and A% streets. 

William T. Carroll, Clerk; D. W. Middleton, Deputy Clerk. 

Jefea D. Hoover, U. S. Marshal, Louisiana avenue, near i% street. 



42 

DISTRICT COURT OF DISTRICT OF OLUMBIA. 

The Courts of this District are held in the City Hall, east wing, fronting 
A% street, on Louisiana avenue. 

William Cranch, Chief Judge; James S. Morsel, James Dunlap, Associate 
Judges. 

Philip B. Key, Attorney; John D. Hoover, Marshal. 



CRIMINAL COURT. 
Thomas H . Crawford . Judge . 



MAYOR OF THE CITY. 

John W.Maury — Office on second floor, east wing, City HalL 



EXTENSION OF CAPITOL. 
Captain B. C. Meigs, U. S. Engineer, Superintendent. 
T. U. Walter, Architect. 
Z. W. Denham, W. J. Fitzpatrick, Clerks. 
A. B. McFarlan, Foreman of Masonry. 
Z. Jones, Foreman of Bricklaying. 
A. Rutherford, Superintendent of Marble Work. 
P. Slight, Foreman of Carpentery. 
S. Champion, Foreman of Blacksmithing. 
P. J. Brooks, Foreman of Laborers. 
J. A. Tait, Receiver of Materials. 

Messrs. Provost, Winters, and Symington, Contractors for Marble Work. 
Mr. Emery, Contractor for Granite Work. 




NATIONAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES, 



EXECUTIVE. 

Franklin Pierce President of the United States. 

David R. Atchison .Vice President, pro tem. 

Sidney Webster, Secretary to the President to sign Land Patents. 

John A. Wheeler, Assistant Secretary to President to sign Land Patents* 




STATE DEPARTMENT. 

HIS department occupies the building adjoining the Trea- 
sury, on the north side. The principal entrance is from 
the north, but the business entrance is on Fifteenth streets 
The building is of brick, two stories high, containing thirty- 
two apartments, besides those in the attic. 

On the second floor are the apartments of the Secretary 
of State and his suite. Here also is the Library of the De- 
partment, containing many valuable works on general lite- 
ratufe and science, besides State papers; the original De- 
claration of Independence, and all the Treaties with Foreign Powers, with 
the presents made by them, are now deposited in the Patent Office. 

WILLIAM L. MARCY, SECRETARY OF STATE. 

Duties of the Secretary* 

The Secretary is ex officio a member of the President's Cabinet. He 
conducts the negotiation of all treaties between the United States and for- 
eign powers; and corresponds officially with the public ministers of foreign 
powers resident in the United States, and with opr ■ministers and consuls 
abroad. He has the charge of the seal of the United States, but cannot affix 
it to any commission until signed by the President, nor to any other instru- 
ment or act without the special authority of the President. He is, by law, 
entrusted with the publication and distribution of all the acts and resolu- 
tions of Congress, and all treaties with foreign nations, and Indian treaties. 
He preserves, also, the originals of all laws and treaties, and of public cor* 
respondence growing out of the intercourse between the United States and 
foreign nations, and is required to procure and preserve copies of the statis- 
tics of the States. He grants passports to American citizens visiting foreign 
nations. 



OFFICERS. 

A. D. Mann Assistant Secretary of State. 

W. Hunter Chief Clerk. 

A. French Claims Clerk. 

Diplomatic Bureau. — Messrs. F. Markoe, principal clerk; A. H. Der- 
rick, J. S. Mackie, J. P. Polk, R. S. Chilton, H. D. J. Pratt, clerks— Se- 
cond story. 

Consular Bureau. — R. S. Chew, principal clerk; G* J. Abbot, C> V. 
Gordon, clerks— second story. 



44 

Domestic Bureau. — W. E. Reddall, Edmund Flagg, G. Chipman, clerks 
pardons and passports — First story. G. Bartle, G. Hill — Second story, 
Translator. — L. F. Tasistro — First story. 
Disbursing Agent. — E. Stubbs — Second story. 
Packer. — W. P. Faherty — First story. 
Messengers. — C. Ames; W. H. Prentiss, assistant. 
Watchmen. — R. Harrison, J. S. James, James Donaldson, 




TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

THE building occupied by this department is 
situated on the east side of the President's 
square 5 on a line with Fifteenth street; it is 
built of stone, and fire-proof — extending three 
hundred and thirty-six feet, with a depth in the 
centre, including the colonnade in front and 
portico in the rear, of one hundred and ninety 
feet. Each floor contains forty-five apartments, 
or, in the three stories above the basement, one hundred and thirty-five 
rooms.* 

The main entrance of the building is on the East front, by a double flight 
of granite steps. The first or colonnade floor is occupied as follows: — 

The Treasurer of the United States, and the Third Auditor of the Trea- 
sury, in the centre building. 
The First Auditor in the north wing. 
The Solicitor of the Treasury in the south wing. 

On the second floor in the centre building are the apartments of the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury and his suite. 

In the south wing are those of the First Comptroller and the Register 
of the Treasury, who occupy also a suite of rooms in the north wing, 
beides several on the first floor, south side. 

The Library of the Treasury is also on the second floor, containing most 
of the public documents, and a few valuable miscellaneous works. The 
third floor is occupied entirely by the General Land Office, with its numer- 
ous interesting records. The basement story is occupied by the Second 
Comptroller and his clerks, with other clerks of the Department; most of 
the rooms in this story are occupied as offices. 

JAMES GUTHRIE, SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY— Room 24. 

Duties of the Secretary of the Treasury. 

The Secretary is ex officio a member of the Cabinet. Pie superintends all the 
fiscal concerns of the Government, and, upon his own responsibility, recom- 
mends to Congress measures for improving the condition of the revenue. He 
holds his office at the will of the President. By act of Congress , this Department 
has been invested with extraordinary powers, for the recovery of public 
moneys not accounted, or witheld by officers receiving them prior to such 
moneys being paid into the Treasury. Warrants of distress, in the nature 
of executions upon judgments, are authorized, upon certificates of balances 
from the First Onmptroller, against principals and sureties in default; and 
the Judges of the United States are, by the same law, clothed with extensive 



* This building, as designed by the author, when completed by the exten- 
sion of the wings, will have a fagade of near 500 feet with its porticos. The 
present crowded state of the public business here demands that the wings 
should be erected without delay. 



45 

chancery jurisdiction, with a view of ameliorating any undue severity to indi- 
viduals, which may possibly occur under the requisition. By the act of 20th 
May, 1830, the office of Solicitor of the Treasury was created. A portion 
of the duties of this office had been previously performed by the Fifth Audi- 
tor, as agent of the Treasury. 

All accounts of the Government are finally settled at the Treasury Depart- 
ment; for which purpose it is divided into the office of the Secretary (who 
superintends the whole, but who is not, therefore, absolute with respect to 
the power of adjusting claims or paying money) into two Comptrollers, six 
Auditors, a Register, a Treasuer, and a Solicitor. The Auditors of the pub- 
lic accounts are empowered to administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses, 
in any case in which they may deem it necessary, for the due examination 
of the accounts with which they are charged. 

OFFICERS. 
P. G. Washington. .... .Assistant Secretary of the Treasury — Room 25. 

G. Rodman Chief Clerk — Room 2t>. 

J. M. McKean „ Disbursing Clerk — Room 29. 

Clerks.— Messrs. J. N. Barker, Room 27; C. Dummer, No. 31; R. Ela, 
No. 19; J. F. Hartley, No. 28; J. N. Lovejoy, jr., No. 20; W. M. Gouge, 
No. 18; C, Fisher, No. 3; W. Handy, No. 22; H. Brewer, No. 28; W. Ho- 
gan, No. 3; J. T. Raymond, No. 31; S. H. Cutts, No. 31; E. S. Reynolds, 
No. 3; L. Conger, No. 1; C. M. B. Harris, No. 22, G. S. Oldfield, jr., No. 
21; J. Strohm, No. 1; A. Grayson, No. 18. 

Messengers. — Charles Pettit; Assistant, J. H. Reiss. 

Watchmen. — Messrs. Goddard, Clark, Hilton, Jones, Sipe, Marlow, 
Sengstack, and Heath. 

Doorkeepers. — R. Carter, G. Tyler. 



FIRST COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY. 
Elisha Whittlesey First Comptroller — Room No. 37, second floor, 

Duties of the First Comptroller. 

The First Comptroller examines all accounts settled by the First and 
Fifth Auditors, and the Commissioner of the General Land Office. He has 
appellate jurisdiction only in the settlement of the Sixth Auditor's accounts, 
and certifies the balances arising thereon to the Register; countersigns all 
accounts drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, if warranted by law; 
reports to the Secretary the official forms to be used in the different offices 
for collecting the public revenue ; and the manner and form of keeping and 
stating the accounts of the several persons employed therein. He superintends 
the preservation of the public accounts, subject to his revision, and provides 
for the regular payment of all moneys which may be collected. 

In this brief view given of the powers of the Comptrollers of the Treasury, 
it may be sufficient to remark that, within the sphere of their respective 
duties, they are the ultimate law officers of the Government. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — G. M. Ramsey— Room No. 36. 

Clerks. — N B Van Zant, room 35; L L Taylor, room 14; W Anderson, 
room 14; R Cochran, room 14; J YLaub, room 36; E M Whittlesey, room 
37; L Q Washington, room 15; T F Anderson, room 35; B F Rogers, room 
35; H Langtry, room 15; J Ferguson, room 15; A L Edwards, room 15; J 
Johnson, room 15; J. T. W. Ourand, room 36. 

Messbnger. — Elisha Ourand. 



46 

SECOND COMPTROLLER. 

J. M. Brodhead Second Comptroller — Basement story, room No 81 

Duties of the Second Comptroller. 

The Second Comptroller is independent of the First. His office was estab- 
lished to effect a prompt settlement of the public accounts, which, from the 
constantly increasing expenditures of the Government, had accumulated, and 
which, with other duties, was found to exceed the ability of one Comptrol- 
ler. The Second Comptroller, therefore, would be more correctly styled the 
Comptroller of the accounts of the Army, Navy, and Indian disbursements. 
It may be here remarked, that the duties of advancing money and account- 
ing for it are distinct. The Secretaries of the Departments exercise a dis- 
cretion in advancing from the appropriations the requisite sums to the dis- 
bursing officers; but it is made the duty of the accounting officers of the 
Treasury, independent of the Secretaries, to require accounts and vouchers, 
showing the legal applications of the money. In this ' division of duties is 
perceived a salutary check. The hands of the Executive are left unre- 
strained in advancing to the agents the necessary funds to accomplish the 
purposes of the Government; but those agents have to account to officers 
of the Treasury, leaving the Executive no power to misapply the funds ad- 
vanced. It is the duty of the Second Comptroller to revise and certify the 
accounts stated in the offices of the Second, Third, and Fourth Auditors, and 
his decision is final, except redress is granted by Congress. 

In the office of the Second Comptroller, a record is kept of the accounts 
settled, showing the balances due to, and from, the United States: a record 
is kept of all the requisitions for money drawn by the Secretaries of the War 
and Navy Departments; and on its files are placed all the contracts involving 
the payment of money entered into by those Departments. It is also the 
duty of the Comptroller to direct suits and stopages on account of delin- 
quencies; to keep an account with each specific appropriation, and to make 
annual and other statements of the disbursements, as required by law. He 
also furnishes the forms for the accounts and vouchers, and of keeping and 
stating the accounts subject to his revision. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — F. Purrington — Room No. 7. 

Clerks. — J M Cutts, room 5; G D Abbott, room 3; T J Cathcart, room 
3; M Campbell, room 10; J W Gibbons, room 4; E F French, (Interior;) J 
C Wilson, (Interior;) W A Evans, room 3; S B Parris, room 4; R Long, 
room 5; A J Clark, (Interior;) J Mannahan, room 4; W S Fort, room 7; F 
R Dunlop, (Interior;) J Sessford, (Interior;) J R Hanson, room 7. 

Messenger. — George C. Jackson, room No. 7. 



TREASURER. 

Samuel Casey Treasurer, on first floor. 

Duties of the Treasurer. 

The Treasurer receives and keeps the moneys of the United States, and 
disburses the same upon the warrants drawn by the Secretary of the Treas- 
ury, countersigned by the proper Comptroller and Auditor, and recorded by 
the Register. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — William B. Randolph — First floor. 

Clerks.— S. M. Bootes, W. D. Nutt, W. H. West, W. S. Morgan, B. E. 
Mackall, H. Lightner, A. McLean, J. Culvexwell, J. G. Hedgman, C H* 
Handy, J. W. C Evans, J. C. Cameron. 

Messenger. — C. W. Perry. 



47 

REGISTER OF THE TREASURY. 

Finley Bigger Register. 

Duties of the Register. 

The Register of the Treasury keeps all accounts of the receipts and 
expenditures of the public money, and of debts due to, or from, the United 
States; he keeps the District Tonnage accounts of the United States; he 
receives from the Comptroller the accounts which have been finally adjusted; 
and with their vouchers and certificates preserves them; he records all 
warrants for the receipt or payment of moneys at the Treasury, certifies 
the same thereon, and transmits to the Secretary of the Treasury copies of 
the certificates of balances of accounts. 

It is made the duty of the Register to prepare statistical accounts of the 
commerce and navigation of the United States, to be laid before Congress 
annually. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — Charles T. Jones. 

Clerks. — B F Rittenhouse, J McClery, J B Blake, J Oliphant, P Lam- 
mond, F Kley, J H Smith, T Lowndes, D Rodenbaugh, jr., Edgar Patterson, 
G W Barry, W B Berryman, J Estill, J W Hogg, J C Haviland, D W 
Haines, T R Nourse, H Jamieson, G D "Wise, E Debrall, J M Smith, L H 
Parrish, H L Fuller, F A Willis, J H Mcllvaine, J S Nevins, S Reeve. 

Messengers. — C Stewart; Thomas Goddard, Assistant. 



SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

F. R. Streeter Solicitor. 

Duties of the Solicitor. 

He superintends all the civil suits commenced in the name of the United 
States in all the Courts, until they are carried up to the Supreme Court of 
the United States, when they come under the superintendence of the Attor- 
ney General. He instructs the District Attorneys, Marshals, and Clerks in 
all matters and proceedings appertaining to those suits, and receives from 
them, after each term of Court, reports of their situation and progress. He 
records, from collectors, reports of custom-house bonds put in suit, and of 
information, &c, directed by them. He establishes, with the approbation 
of the Secretary of the Treasury, such rules and regulations, not inconsis- 
tent with law, for the observance of Collectors, District Attorneys, and 
Marshals, as may be deemed necessary for the just responsibility of those 
officers, and the prompt collection of all revenues and debts due and accru- 
ing to the United States. 

This officer has charge also of all lands and other property which have 
been or shall be assigned, set off, or conveyed to the United States in pay- 
ment of debts, and all trusts created for the use of the United States, in pay- 
ment of debts due them; and has power to sell and dispose of lands assigned 
or set off to the United States, in payment of debts, or being vested in them 
by mortgage or other security for the payment of debts. 

OFFICERS. 
Chief Clerk. — B.T Pleasants. 

Clerks. — J V Dobbin, disbursing clerk; A G Seaman, J Stevens, T Bou- 
dinot, J J C Bibb. 
Messenger. — G Johnson. 



48 

FIRST AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

Thomas L . Smith First Auditor- 

Duties of the First Auditor. 

The First Auditor receives all accounts accruing in the Treasury Depart- 
ment, and in relation to the revenue and civil list, and after examination, 
certifies the balance, and transmits the accounts, with the vouchers and 
certificates, to the First Comptroller, for his decision thereon. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — David W. Mahon — First floor, North wing. 

Clerks. — M. H. Miller, J. M. Torbert, J. Colegate, A. Mahon, jr., J. 
Trader, W. H. Jones, F. Doyle, B. Shaw, T. Sturgis, J. Ingle, A. Hall, R. 
H. Riddick, C. Demming, J. S. Lewis, W. B. Collins, C. E. Pleasants, N. 
L. Carr, L. Barnard, M. Gallagher, J. K. Hartwell — All on first floor, North 
wing. 

Messengers. — J. W. Garner. G. W. Fales. 



SECOND AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

P. Clayton Second Auditor. 

Duties of the Second Jluditor. 

The Second Auditor receives and settles — First, all accounts relative to 
the pay of the army subsistence and forage of officers, and pays subsistence 
and clothing of their servants. Second — All accounts for the contingent 
disbursements of the army, for which no specific appropriations are made by 
Congress. Third — All accounts relating to the purchase of medicines, 
drugs, surgical instruments, hospital stores, &c; also the claims of private 
physicians, for medical services rendered, such officers and soldiers who 
cannot be attended by the surgeons of the army. Fourth — All accounts re- 
lating to the recruiting service. Fifth — All accounts of the Ordnance De- 
partment; those of the various arsenals, and accounts appertaining to arma- 
ment of river fortifications, and to arming and equipping the militia, &c. 
Sixth — All accounts for disbursements at the National armories. Seventh — 
All accounts relating to disbursements in the Indian departments, such as 
pay of agents, presents, annuities, holding treaties, running boundary lines, 
contingent expenses, &.c, and the property accounts of the army arising out 
of the foregoing expenditures. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — W. Mechlin — Winder's Building, second floor. 

Clerks.— L. Beard, P. Brady, T. L. Moody, J. M. Sims, J. W. Brown, 
F. Crosby, H. J. Kershaw, E. M. Clark, A. Elliott, J. F. Polk, C. W. For- 
rest, A. F. Shriver, G. W. Mercer, C. Humes, S. C. Ford, R. W. Middle- 
ton, J. T. Quisenberry, G. Cowing, H. W. Balmain, G. W. Biscoe— Second 
floor, Winder's Building. 

Messengers. — G. Sylvester; J. Hamilton, Assistant. 



THIRD AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 
F- Burt Third Auditor— Room 24.* 

* This ofiicer, though formerly in the War Department, is now in the 
Treasury Building. 



49 

Duties of the Third Auditor* 

The duties of this officer extends to the auditing of all accounts for the 
Quartermaster's Department, such as to money and property, and the same 
as to accounts for fortifications; for the Military Academy, for roads, sur- 
veys, and other internal improvements; for revolutionary, invalid, and half- 
pay pensions; pensions to widows and orphans; of outstanding claims, arising 
before and during the last war with Great Britain; and of all unsettled ac- 
counts of the War Department from the commencement of the Government 
to 1st July, 1815. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — S. S. Rind — Treasury Building, room 23. 

Clerks.— W. H. S. Taylor, room 15; C. Vinson, room 21; L. Jones, room 
21; J. P. Sheldon; A. F. Cunningham, room 45; H. R. Randall, room 43; 
E. Eveleth, room 11; T. C. Daniel, room 22; C, B. Shirley, room 21; R. 
T. Matthews, room 36; E. McCann, room 16; W. H. S. Taylor, jr., room 
36; S. H. Janney, room 14; A. McNeill, room 31; A. L. Hazleton, 
room 31; B. Clements, room 44; P. H. Cooney, room 11; W. T. R. Safell, 
room 43; G„ Pearce, room 12; J. N. Knapp, room 12; W. S. Elwell, 
room 10; C. W. Pettit, room 15; G. F. Worthington, room 15; R. Graeme, 
room 23; J. W. Robertson, room 16; W. R. Matthews, room 11; S. Dun- 
tsan, room 31; A. T. McCullum, M. Allen, room 11; J. Bedell, room 36; H. 
McNeill, room 10; J. J. C. Cantine, room 31 — All in Treasury Building. 

C. Abbott, S. Norment, J. W. Hampton, T. B. Thruston.T. B. Pleasants, 
G. P. Williamson, A. Ellery, H. Ray Bowie, G. .0 Wunder, S. S. Whiting, 
W. J. Crosson, J. A. Peebles, P.M. Fortier, W, B. McCreight, T. J. Hobbs, 
R. B. Norment— These are in a building adjoining the Treasury, H. K. Davis, 

Clerks employed on Claims and the Execution of the Bounty Land 
Laws.— S. N. Solomon, B. F. Niles, G. Humes, W. A. Rind, jr., J. M. 
Clark, G. W. Hall, M.McLeod, J. A.Craighill, T. G. Palmer, W. L.Todd, 
C W. Fenton, A. Lindsay, A. G. Marshman, W. Denby, R. S. Ford, and 
R. S. Jordan — Treasury Building, west end. 

B. L. Bogan, W. H. Weirick, R. G. Dove, D. P. Porter— Basement. 



FIFTH AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

This Bureau now occupies quarters in F street, south side, east of Fif- 
teenth street. 

S. Pleas onton . . » . Fifth Auditor. 

Duties of the Fifth Auditor. 

The Fifth Auditor receives all accounts accruing in or relating to the De- 
partment of State, the General Post Office, and those arising out of Indian 
trade; examines them, certifies the balances, and transmits the accounts, 
with the vouchers and certificates, to the First Comptroller, for his decision 
upon them. To the Fifth Auditor has also been assigned the duties hereto- 
fore performed by the Commissioner of the Revenue, in superintending the 
building and repairing of light houses and light vessels, beacons, buoys, and 
piers, supplying the light houses with oil, and the adjustment of the expen- 
ditures o£ the light house establishments, 

' 7 



50 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk. — Thomas Mustin. 

Clerks. — J. H. Huston, Alexander Spear, J. Derelin, Thos. M. Smith, 
H. Lasalle. 

Messenger. — R. H.Boswell. 



THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE. 

This Department occupies the building opposite the Treasury, at the- 
southwest corner of Fifteenth and F streets. 

CALEB CUSHING, ATTORNEY GENERAL. 

Duties of the Attorney General. 

^1 / /I 

zf ^ IS duty is to prosecute and conduct all suits in the 
Supreme Court in which the United States is con- 
cerned, and to give his advice and opinion upon ques- 
tions of law, when required by the President, or when 
requested by the heads of any of the departments. 
The Attorney General is ex officio a member of the 
Cabinet, and holds his office at the will of the President. 

OFFICERS. 
Clerks. — George M, Bibb, John T. Reid. H. A. Klopfer,. Messenger. 




LIGHT HOUSE BOARD. 

The Light House Board occupies rooms in Winder's Building, on the third 
floor wing. 

OFFICERS. 

Hon. James Guthrie, Secretary of the Treasury .President. 

Chairmen. — Com. W. B. Shubrick, U. S. Navy; General J. G. Totten, 
Colonel J. Kerney, Professor A. D. Bache; Com. S. F. Dupont, U. S, 
Navy. 

Secretaries. — Lieutenant T. A. Jenkins, U. S, Navy; Brevet Captain E, 
L. F. Hardcastle, U. S." Army. 

Chief Clerk. — Taliaferro Hunter. 

Clerks. — James D. King, G. E. Tingle, B. U. Keyser, G, S. Taliaferro; 
W. H. Walker, Messenger. 



COAST SURVEY. 

This Bureau is located on New Jersey avenue, between A and B streets, 
Capitol Hill, on the south side of the Capitol. 

OFFICERS. 

A. D. Bache ., Superintendent. 

Assistants. — E. Blunt, P. H. Gerdes, R. D. Cutts, J. Farley, C. O. Bou- 
telle, H. L. Whiting, J. E. Hilgard, J. S. Williams, J. J. S. Hassler, W. 



51 

E. Groenwell, S. A. Gilbert, G. Daveson, L. T. Pourtales, C. P. Eolles, G. 
P. Wise, A. W. Longfellow, G. W. Deane, A. M. Harrison. 

Sob-Assistants. — H. Adams, A. T. Rodgers, J. Rockwell, G. A. Fair- 
field, W. M. Johnson, J. Seib, A. S. Wadsworth, S. C. McCorkle, J. Wain- 
wright, J. W. Gregorie, W. S. Walker, R. M. Bache, E. Goodfellow, J. R. 
Offley, B. Huger. 

T. H. Warner, E. Nulty — Carpenters. 

W. M. C. Fairfax, M. J. McClary— Draughtsmen. 

Samuel Heim — Disbursing Agent. 

J. Saxton — Foreman of Weights and Measures. 



WAR DEPARTMENT. 








*£* 



THIS Department occupies the building situated on the 
west side of the President's square, Seventeenth street, 
on the same line with the State Department building, 
with which it corresponds in design, b«ing two stories 
high, and containing thirty-two rooms, besides those in 
the basement and attic floors. 

The principal entrance is on the north, though access 
may be had from every front. 

On the first floor are the Quartermaster General and 

the Adjutant General. 

^JS: On the second floor are the apartments of the Secretary 

'"\** of War and his suite, occupying the east end; and the 

Commissioner of Indian Affairs and his cierks the west 

end; the Gallery of Indian Portraits has been removed to the Patent Office. 

The Library of the department is on this floor, and contains many valuable 

works of science and art. 

On the third and basement floors a few rooms are appropriated for 
clerks. 

JEFFERSON DAVIS, SECRETARY OF WAR. 

Duties of the Secretary. 

The duties of this officer are to superintend every branch of the military 
department. He is by usage a member of the Cabinet, and holds his office 
at the will of the President. The following Bureaus are attached to this 
department: — The Commanding General, Adjutant General, Quartermaster 
General, Paymaster General, Commissary General, Surgeon General, Chief 
Engineer, Colonel of Topographical Engineers, and Colonel of Ordnance — 
all located in Washington. 

To this department belong the direction and government of the army, in 
all its diversified relations; the purchase and preservation of the arms and 
munitions of war; the erection of all fortifications; the execution of all 
topographical surveys, and works of internal improvement. 

OFFICERS. 

Archibald Campbell, Chief Clerk of the Department Room No. 19. 

John McPherson, Disbursing Clerk for the Department Room No. 19. 



52 

Nathan Rice, Requisition Clerk ..Room No. 17. 

John Potts, Corresponding Clerk Room No. 22. 

Charles Calvert, Librarian Room No. 24. 

James D. Kerr, Recording Clerk Room No. 20. 

James S. Wynne, do. Room No. 20. 

William B. Lee, Registering Clerk Room No. 17. 

Patrick Jordan, Francis Datcher— Messengers. 

John Robinson, David Kurtz, Wm. Douglas, F. R. Dorsett — Watchmen. 



COMMANDING GENERAL. 

Gen. Winfield Scott Commanding General. 

Ditties of the Commanding General. 

The duties of this officer comprise the arrangement of the military force 
of the United States, so as to give protection to the maritime frontier and 
interior border. He superintends the recruiting service; the discipline and 
police of the army; orders general courts martial, and decides in all cases, 
except when the life of an officer or soidier is affected, or the commission 
of an officer. It is his province to see that the law and regulations govern- 
ing the army are enforced, and that justice is done to all concerned. In his 
duties he is assisted by the Adjutant General, through whose office all orders 
are issued to the army, and returns of its strength made, as well as the 
general military correspondence in relation to the details of service; also two 
Inspector Generals, besides his Aid-d-Camp. . 

OFFICERS. xv 

H. L. Scott , Aid-de-Camp. ' 

Clerk ." Prosper Thomasv^ 

Messenger .....John Walter. 



ADJUTANT GENERAL. \ 
This Bureau is situated on the First Floor. 
Col. Samuel Cooper, Adjutant General Room No. 1. 

Duties of the Adjutant General. 

This officer is the repository of the records which refer to the personnel 
of the army in time of war, as well as in time of peace, and of the military 
history of every officer and soldier, from the earliest period of the Govern- 
ment, so far as these may have been preserved. It is here where all mili- 
tary appointments and commissions are naade out and registered, where the 
names of all enlisted soldiers are entered, and their size, roll, and enlist- 
ments recorded and filed, &c. It is in this office where the monthly returns 
of the troops and muster rolls of all companies are received and preserved; 
where the original proceedings of general courts martial are deposited 
and entered; where the inventory of the effects of deceased officers and 
soldiers are forwarded and recorded. 

OFFICERS. 

Assistants. — Lieut. William G. Truman, Major George Deas, room 2; 
Captain Seth Williams, room 3. 



53 

Judge Advocate. — Major John F. Lee, Ordnance Corps, room 9; Captain 
Thomas L. Ringgold, Ordnance Corps, room 9. 

Clerks. — Joseph F. Brown, room 3; James H. Lowry, John McNab, 
Thomas Borland, room 4; James L. Addison, east end basement; Charles 
H. Lee, John G. Law, room 5; Richard M. Hanson, room 2; Levi Davis, 
room 7. 

Messenger. — Charles Baker. 



QUARTERMASTER GENERAL. 
Thomas S. Jesup..... Quartermaster General — Room No. 16. 

Duties of the Quartermaster General . 

He is, under the Direction of the Secretary ofWar, charged with the mil- 
itary and administrative details of his department. He has a complete ad- 
ministrative control of all the officers belonging to his department, as well 
as of those appointed to act therein, or make disbursements on account 
thereof. Officers of regiments and corps are also subject to a like control, 
by the Quartermaster General, in regard to every thing relating to barracks 
and quarters, and to the accountabilities for supplies of his department, 
as well as for those of the purchasing department. 

OFFICERS. 

Charles Thomas, Assistant Quartermaster General — Room No. 15. 

Captain M. M. Clark, District Quartermaster — Room No. 11. 

Major Henry C. Wayne, in charge of Clothing Branch — Room No. 13. 

Clerks. — James Goszler, William L. Bailey, James B. Nourse, room 10; 
William A. Gordon, room 14; John S. Moore, George M. Cooke, room 11; 
S. D. Finckel, room 15; Thomas J. Abbott, Thomas G. King, room 13; M, 
Markland, J. C. Goodrick, room 12. 

Messenger. — George Phelps. 



The following Bureaus are located in a building erected by Mr. W. H, 
Winder, at the corner of Seventeenth and F streets, and now rented by 
Government. This building is fire proof, stuccoed in exact imitation of 
marble, and five stories in height. It is under the control of the Secretary 
of War, though occupied by bureaus of various departments: — 

PAYMASTER GENERAL. 
Gen. Nathan Towson t Paymaster General. 

Duties of the Paymaster General. 

He is charged with the military responsibilities of his department in all its 
details. Payments are provided by law to be made to the troops on the last 
days of February, April, June, August, October, and December in each year, 
unless the circumstances of the case shall render it impracticable. 

OFFICERS. 

Colonel Benjamin F. Larned, Deputy Paymaster General — Room No. 34. 
Major St. Clair Denny, District Paymaster — Room No. 32. 



54 

Clerks. — William D. Beall, room 34; Nathaniel Frye, Lewis B. Harris, 
room 35; Edward H. Brooke, William W. Young, Richard S. Cox, room 
36; N. B. Smith, Thomas Cromwell, room 38. 

Messenger. — Robert O. Knowles, room 35. 



COMMISSARY GENERAL. 

Gen. George Gibson Commissary General — Room No. 39- 

Duties of the Commissary General. 

To make estimates of expenditure for his department; contract and pur- 
chase subsistence for the army; regulate the transmission of funds to his 
assistants; make payments to contractors: adjust accounts for settlement; 
locate his assistants at their several stations, and in general provide for the 
proper administration of his department in all its ramifications. 

OFFICERS. 

Captain A. E. Shrias, Assistant Commissary General. 
Clerks. — Richard Gott, John A.Wilcox, room 42; William J. Smith, 
W. H. Watson, room 37; C. Munroe, James Schwartz, room 33. 
Messenger. — L. R. Thomas, room 42. 



SURGEON GENERAL. 

Gen. Thomas Lawson .Surgeon General — R,oom No. 30. 

Duties of the Surgeon General. 

This officer is the director and immediate accounting officer of the Medical 
Department. He issues all orders and instructions relating to the profes- 
sional duties of the officers of the medical staff; and calls for and receives 
such supports and returns from them as may be requsite for the performance 
of his several duties. 

OFFICERS. 

Assistants. — Surgeon Henry L. Heiskell, Assistant Surgeon Richard H. 
Coolidge, room 28. 

Clerks. — Richmond Johnson, P. M. Henry, room 41; Andrew Balmain, 
room 38. 



ENGINEER BUREAU. 

Gen. Joseph G. Totten ^ ...Chief Engineer — Room No. 8. 

Duties of the Chief Engineer. 

He directs and regulates the duties of the Corps of Engineers; also is the 
Inspector of the Military Academy, and charged with it's correspondence. 

The functions of the Engineers being generally confined to the most eleva- 
ted branches of military science, they do not assume, nor are they subject 
to be ordered on, any duty beyond the line of their immediate profession, 
except by special authority through the War Department; and when so 
arranged to other duties, either on detachment or otherwise, they have 
precedence according to their commmissions, which at all times entitle them 
to every mark of military respect. 



63 

OFFICERS. 
Lieutenant John D. Kurtz, Assistant Engineer — Room No - 6. 
Clerks. — F. N. Barbarin, R. B. Fowler, room 4; James Eveleth, H. C 
Preuss, room 2; James C. Wilson, room 11. 
Messenger. — O. B. Denham, room 7. 



TOPOGRAPHICAL BUREAU. 

Col. J. J. Abert Colonel of the Corps — Room No. 20. 

Duties of the Colonel of Topographical Engineers. 

This officer has charge of all topographical operations, and surveys for 
military purposes and for purposes of internal improvement, and of all maps, 
drawings, and documents in relation to those duties. 

OFFICERS. 

Assistants. — Colonel W. Turnbull, room 22; Captain Thomas J. Lee, 
room 24. 

Clerks. — George Thomson, room 19; Philip Harry, 25; John Dorsey, 
E. M. Garnett, room 21. 

Messenger. — George Thompson, room 19. 



ORDNANCE BUREAU. 
Col. H. K. Craig. . Colonel of Ordnance — Room No. 46, 

Duties of the Colonel of Ordnance. 

It is his duty to direct the inspection and proving of all pieces of ordnance, 
cannon balls, shot, shells, small arms, side arms, and equipments procured 
for the use of the army of the United States, and to direct the construction 
of all cannon and carriages, and every implement and apparatus for ord- 
nance and ammunition wagons, travelling barges, and artificers' wagons; 
the inspection and proving of powder, and the preparation of all kinds of 
ammunition and ordnance stores. It is also his duty to make contracts and 
purchases for procuring the necessary supplies of arms, equipments, ordnance 
and ordnance stores. 

OFFICERS. 

Assistant. — Captain William Maynadier, room 44. 

Clerks. — George Bender, room 48; Morris Adier, William McDermott, 
Jonas P. Keller, room 45; Samuel Rainey, Charles Slemmer, room 50; N, 
W. Fales, R. B. Irwin, room 47. 

Messenger. — N. Mullikin, room 47. 



POLICE OF WINDER'S BUILDING. 
Superintendent. — James Eveleth. 
Watchmen. — William McCarty, William Hays, Thomas Grady, J. Kane. 




56 
NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

THE building occupied by this department is situate 
on the west side of the President's square, on a line 
with Seventeenth street, and south of the War Of- 
fice. In its design it resembles the latter building, 
containing sixteen rooms on each floor. 

The first floor is occupied by the Fourth Auditor 
of the Treasury, at the east end, and some of the 
bureaus at the west end. 

On the second floor are the apartments of the Sec- 
retary of the Navy, with his suite, occupying the 
east end; and the different bureaus the west end. 
On this floor are many interesting objects connected 
with our naval history, especially on the west side, 
where are deposited the trophies of two wars, and many beautiful models of 
vessels. 

The Library of the Department is at the east end, embracing several 
works of interest. 

Some rooms on the third floor, or attic, are occupied by clerks, and some 
with models. 

J. C. DOBBIN, SECRETAY OF THE NAVY. 
Duties of the Secretary* 

He issues all orders to the Navy of the United States, and superintends 
the naval concerns of the naval establishment generally; he is by usage a 
member of the Cabinet, and holds his office at the will of the President. At- 
tached to the Navy Department are the following bureaus:— Bureau of Navy 
Yards and Docks; Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography; Bureau of Con* 
struction, Equipment and Repairs; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing; Bu- 
reau of Medicine and Surgery. The duties of the several bureaus are de- 
signated by their titles. 

OFFICERS. 

Second Floor, Navy Department. 
C. W. Welsh Chief Clerk. 

Clerks. — L. B. Hardin, register and disbursing clerk; J. E. Etheridge, 
principal corresponding clerk; H. L. Harvey, warrant clerk; G. S. Wat- 
kins, W. P. Moran, W. B. Gulick, J. S. Cunningham, assistant correspond- 
ing clerks; E. C. Grier, A. P. Upshur, W. Robinson, P. Colston, recording 
clerks. 

Messenger. — S. Mickum; L. Muse, assistant. 



BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS. 

Second Floor, Navy Department. 

J. Smith Chief of Bureau— Room No. 13. 

W. G. Ridgely Chief Clerk — Room No. 11. 

W. P. S. Sanger Civil Engineer — Room No. 9. 

A. G. Southall Superintendent of Timber Agencies — Room 11. 

G. F. De la Roche Draughtsman. 

Clerks. — S. Gough, room 11; J. M. Young, room 9; J. S. Robinson, jr., 
do.; J. P. McElderry, do. 

Messenger. — C. Hunt. 



67 

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT, AND REPAIRS. 
First Floor, Navy Department. 

S. Hart Chief of Bureau. 

P. C. Johnson Chief Clerk. 

Clerks.— J. Selden, W. S. McNairy, W. W. Morrison, W. Sehall, G 
F. Green, C. C. Hackett, R. Powell. 

Messenger. — W. A. Elliott. 



BUREAU OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY. 
Second Floor, Nary Department. 

Charles Morris Chief of Bureau. 

J. P. McCorkle Chief Clerk, 

C. H . Stellwagen Draughtsman. 

Clerks.— C. B. King, E. M. Tidball, O. R. Merrill. 
Messenger. — A. H. Gatton. 



BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. 
First Floor, Navy Department. 

W. Sinclair Chief of Bureau. 

JL Cameron Chief Clerk. 

Clerks. — T. Fillebrown, J. S. Williams, L. B. Allen, J. R. Richardson. 
Messenger. — J. Lucas. 



BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
Winder's Building — First Floor. 

W. Whelan Chief of Bureau. 

S. R. Addison Passed Assistant Surgeon and Chief Clerk. 

Clerks.— C. Tuttle, S. B. Erwin. 
Messenger. — M. B, Clark. 



FOURTH AUDITOR. 
First Floor, east end, Navy Department. 

A. O. Dayton Fourth Auditor^ 

Duties of the Fourth Auditor. 

The Fourth Auditor receives all accounts accruing in the Navy Depart- 
ment, or relating to it. He examines the accounts, certifies the balances, 
and transmits the accounts, with the vouchers and certificates, to the Seeond 
Comptroller, for his decision upon them. 

OFFICERS. 
A. J. O'Bannon Chief Clerk. 

Clerks.— G. M. Head, J. B. Sullivan, H. Berrian, R. S. Mackall, D. 
Higgins, T. H. Lane, L. L. Loving, R. Dawes, R. Ricketts, W. Hunter, 
H. G. O'Neale, W. J. Waller, J. Hackett, J. B. Oliver, J. E. Holland. 

Messengers. — W. Thumbert; S. Downs, assistant. 

8 



58 

NATIONAL OBSERVATORY. 
Lieut. M. F. Maury Superintendent. 

OFFICERS LOCATED IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Lieutenants W. C. R. Porter and J. S. Hubbard; J. Ferguson, Assistant; 
T. Harrison, Clerk; C. R. Graham, Lithographer; W. R. Greble, Instru- 
ment maker; T. Hays, W. Guinand, watchmen; A. Harris, porter. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

Capt. H. Paulding Commander of Navy Yard . 

Com. C. W. Skinner Inspector of Ordnance. 

D. C. Martin Engineer-in-Chief. 

A. C. Stimers.... First Assistant Engineer.. 

V. Freeman Second Assistant Engineer. 

A. G. Allen Navy Agent.. 

F. McNerhany Naval Storekeeper. 

COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS. 

Hugh J . Anderson Commissioner , 

Thomas Farran Chief Clerk. 

Clerks.— J. D. Barclay, J. B. North, J. R. McCorkle, W. Miller, E. 
Edwards, G. Marston, W. H. Codman, E. Wright, G. Mundell, T. E. Martin. 

Messenger. — B. Hines. 



POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

THE Building occupied by this De- 
partment is situate on E street, north, 
and running from Seventh to Eighth 
street, west. The main front is on E 
street, extending 204 feet, with a wing 
at each end stretching up Seventh and 
Eighth streets 102 feet, the whole ri- 
sing three stories above the basement. 
The street facades are of white mar- 
ble of the richest workmanship, in the 
Corinthian style, — the court or rear 
fronts with a beautiful specimen of light granite. The first story 
is faced with a channelled rustic, over which rises the order of 
columns and pilasters with their rich capitals, extending up two 
stories, surmounted by their entablature, and crowned by a panelled 
glEJB^. blocking course. 
\Mf The main entrance is from E street, by a flight of marble steps, 

Xf into a recessed vestibule; to the right and left are spacious corri- 
dors, leading to marble staircases, conducting to the different stories. 

Each floor contains twenty-five rooms, or seventy-five on the three floors — 
the whole made thoroughly fire-proof, and heated by furnaces in the base- 
ment story. The first floor is occupied, at the west end, by the dead-letter 
and other offices; the clerks of the Auditor of the Department at the east 
end; the doorkeeper's room is opposite the entrance. 




59 

The second floor is occupied, in the centre building and west wing, by the 
Postmaster General, and the Assistant Postmaster Generals, with their 
clerks; the east wing by the Auditor of the Department and his clerks — as 
also the major part of the rooms in the third story. 

The allotment of the rooms will be seen by reference to the plan, and its 
numbers compared with the numbers affixed to the names of the officers. 

JAMES CAMPBELL, POSTMASTER GENERAL. 

Duties of the Postmaster General. 

The duties of this officer are prescribed by law. He is aided in the dis* 
charge of his duties by three assistants, appointed by himself. He has the 
sole appointment of all postmasters throughout the United States whose 
commissions are less than $1000 per annum; those yielding $1000 or more 
per annum are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and con* 
sent of the Senate; also, the making of all contracts for conveying the mails; 
and, in brief, the control, according to law, of everything relating to his 
office. He is ex officio a member of the Cabinet, and holds his office at the 
will of the President. 

The revenue arising from the General Post Office is by law expended for 
the support, extension, and improvement of the establishment. During the 
year ending on the 3d June, 1853, the mails were carried 61,892,542 miles. 
The annual cost thereof $4,495,968 — being about seven cents two mills per 
mile. Of these 61,892,542 miles, 12,986,705 miles were by railroads, at a 
cost of $1,601,329 — about twelve cents three mills permile; 6,685,065 miles in 
steamboats, at about nine cents four mills per mile; 21,330,326 miles in 
coaches, at about five cents six mills per mile; and 20,890,446 miles in other 
modes, at abaut five cents per mile. 

The amount of transportation in California (included in the foregoing esti- 
mate) at the close of the fiscal year was 585,806 miles, at an annual cost of 
$143,214; to Oregon, in the same time, 148,275 miles, at forty-two cents 
per mile. 

The duties of the three Assistant Postmaster Generals, though arduous 
and responsible, are purely ministerial. 

In case of the death, resignation, or absence of the Postmaster General, 
all his powers and duties devolve by law on the First Assistant. 

OFFICERS, 

Horatio King First Assistant Postmaster. 

W. H. Dundas Assistant Postmaster General. 

John Marron, Assistant Postmaster General. 

John Oakford. Chief Clerk. 

Clerks — Class .Wb. 4. — H. King, room 16; R. J. Nivin, room 5; St. John 

B. L, Skinner; room 5; E. L. Childs, room 8; N. Haller, room 17; H. A. 
Burr, Topographer. 

Clerks — Class «M>. 3. — R. A. Lacey, room 23; J. H, Marr, room 26; R. 
C Washington, room 23; S. B. Beach, room 25; A. F. Chapin, room 3; T. 
K. Smith, room 26; G. A. Crawford, room 23; J. E. McMahon, room 29; 

C. Smith, room 11; A. N. Zevely, room 8; A. T. D. Leech, room 23; J. N. 
Davis, room 9; W. Bell, room 9; C. A. Cott, room 16; P. Miles, room 17; 
A. Worden; A. B. Caswell, room 9; J. H. Blackfan, room 9; J. Hunter; 

D. W. Moore, room 19; John Agg, room 20; J. C. Todhunter; J. L. Lan- 
caster; room 23: T. P. Trott, D. Saunders, room 13; J. Smith, room 10; 
W. Young, room 14; W. J. Darden, room 11; D. Vass, room 22. 

Clerks— Class M>, 2.~E. P. Gaines, room 23; £. MeConoell, J. F, 



Lewis, W. Slemmer, J. Lawrenson, room 11; C. Laurie, G. Petrie, E„ 
Vandeventer, S. Sohl, room 17; R. F. Hopkins, room 12; J. O'Brien, R. W, 
Wallace, O. Blanding, room 16; J. "W. Hayes; W. H. Page, H. L. Johnson, 
room 8; J. H. Wheat, J. C. Walker, G. A. Sehwarzmann, P. Donnelly, E" 
J. McClery? W. Emery, room 15; J. Quicksall, room 10; E. Rawlins, room 
20; T. B. Reily; C. P, Russell, room 5; A. D. Hollister, J. H. Hamilton, 
over city post office; J. Lescure, O. J. Ruger, and J. E. Eaton. 

Clerks — Class No, 1. — J. McCarrick, J. R. Condon, J. F. Devine, C. 
Koontz, room 15; R. T. McLain, room 11; D. Brunner; J. F. Kemp,- 
room 16. 

Horatio King, disbursing clerk and superintendent of the Post Office 
Building. 

Messengers.— John Gordon; J. S, Ball, L. Walker, C. McDonnell — on* 
second Floor. 

Watchmen.— Eli Davis, G. Kremer; T, Mullihan, doorkeeper. 



AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY FOR THE POST OFFICE 
DEPARTMENT. 

Wm. P. Phillips.. Sixth Auditor — Room 1. 

Duties of the Sixth Auditor. 

To this office are assigned the duties of examining the returns of post- 
masters, and of notifying them of errors found therein; of adjusting their 
general accounts; of designating the post offices from which contractors 
shall make collectionss, and of furnishing them the blank orders and re- 
ceipts necessary for that purpose; of transmitting forms to postmasters at 
the ends of routes for certifying the performance of mail service, and upon 
receipt of said certificates, together with the acknowledgments of contrac- 
tors of collections, and of notices of fines imposed on them, of adjusting their 
quarterly compensation, and of transmitting to them the drafts issued in pay- 
ment of the balances found due; of adjusting the accounts for all blanks fur- 
nished to post offices, for advertising, mail bags, mail locks and keys, stamps, 
special agents, and all other demands properly arising under the laws, con- 
tracts, regulations or orders of the Department; of closing the accounts of 
the Department quarterly, and of reporting the amounts paid by postmasters 
pursuant to appropriations made by law, and of registering, charging, and 
countersigning all warrants upon the Treasury for receipts, and payments 
when warranted by law, as well as all drafts issued in payment or in the 
collection of debts. 

To the Auditor are also assigned the duties of reporting all delinquencies 
on the part of postmasters in paying over the moneys in their hands; of 
directing suits and superintending all proceedings at law or in equity proper 
for enforcing the prompt collection of all balances due the Department, in- 
cluding penalties imposed on postmasters failing to make returns or pay over 
the proceeds of their offices. 

To this office should be transmitted all accounts, (other than postmasters' 
quarterly returns,) all letters and vouchers relating to accounts or items in 
such returns , and the receipts of postmasters for public property turned over 
to them by their predecessors; all acknowledgments of drafts issued in pay- 
ment of balances; all certificates of service, receipts of contractors for and 
their acknowledgments of collections from postmasters, all letters admitting 
or contesting balances due on general accounts of postmasters or contractors; 
all receipts for drafts issued in collecting such balances; and all letters re- 
turning such drafts, or reporting the non-payment thereof; all stated return? 



61 

of District Attorneys and Marshals of their proceedings in post office cases} 
all receipts for deposits of money collected in such cases; all letters making 
propositions of settlement; and all letters seeking directions, or giving infor- 
mation preparatory to trial, or relating to the service of executions or sale 
of property, &c, in any such cases. 

OFFICERS. 

Chief Clerk Thomas J. Johnson—Room No. 36. 

Principal Clerks. — H. St. G. Offut, disbursing clerk, room 2; Thomas 
Bartlett, room 1; J. F, Boone, big room; H. Rogers, room 29; W. Latham* 
room 28. 

Clerks. — W. C. Lipscomb, room 26; N. Tastet, room 27; J. A. M. Dun- 
canson, room 28; S. A. Houston, room 4; J. P.Wheeler, room 3; M. John- 
son, room 4; J. L. Davis* room 3; G. Dyer, room 1; E. Yulee, room 23; J. 
B. Cams, room 27; R. Dement, room 25; S. Harkness, room 3; H. Suter/ 
room 29; J. R. Alister, G. L. Sistes, room 1; L. Welsh, room 20; J. Thaw, 
room 29; D. R. Lindsay, room 1; S. Y. At Lee, room 8; S. Jenkins, room 
7; J. Reynolds, J. W. Compton, room 27; S. M. Edwards, C.T.Pope, room 
1; W. J. Bronaugh, F. A. Fitzhugh, E. C. Caldwell, room 5; T. B. Addison, 
J.Todd, J. G. Jewell, room 22; P. Sampson, R. Prentice, room 3; W. 
Evans, room 27; W. S, Davrall, W. M. L. Marshall, R. Queen, room 7; S. 
Hanson, G. M. Dale, F. Hume, W. Addison, L. R. Hammersley, W.Ryan, 
P. C. Washington, J. Beck, room 23; E. Russell, room 15; E. M. Marchant, 
S. V. Hunter, R. J. Lackey, A. H. Parrish, M. A. Turner, W. Weaver, J, 
H. Strider, room 25; W. Sullivan, room 17; A. D. Harman, J. H. Somer- 
ville, room 20; D. W. Archer, W. A. Coburn, H E. Woodbury, S. Y. Ma- 
son, room 4; R. Leech, room 3; J. Donelson, room 29; D. L. Dalton, room 
20; J. A. Throckmorton, P. Smith, room 19; J. O. Wilson, room 8; J, 
Coolidge, L. J. Anderson, T. J. McCarmant, T. J. Massie, W. Hogan, jr., 
N. Clinch, N. B. Markle, F. Seybolt, C. S. Horton, T. D. Fendall, E. W. 
Fortney, L. W. Caldwell, all in big room; R. Widdecombe, J. C. Bronaugh, 
B. O. West, R. H. Bigger, over city post office; B. C. Redgate, A. Morse, 
jr., J. W. Bronaugh, jr., J. W. Arnds, H. M. Smith, A. J. McCalla, R. W. 
Barden, F. S. Schulze, B. S. Ashburn, J. A. McLaughlin, all in post office 
building. 

Messengers. — W. W. Cox; R. White, assistant. 



CITY POST OFFICE, 

This Office is situate on Seventh street, west, adjoining the General Post 

Office Building. 
J. G < Berret Postmaster. 

OFFICERS, 

CmtfF Clerk Lambert Tree, 

Clerks. — J. J. Berret, Richard Lay, Thomas L. Noyes, Wm. B. Jones, 
M. P. Callan, Josiah Goodrich, F. J. Bartlett, Josiah W- Hicks, P. Sweeney, 
John Sprigg, Joseph W. Davis, A. Hanson Young, R. W. Young, jr., John 
H. Drury, J. N. Trook, Henry Ingle, James Cryer, Thomas Rich. 



62 

Letter. Carriers. — J. H. Tucker, Thomas F. Harkness, R. G> Ball, V. 
R. Jackson. Chas. J. Wright. 

Messengers. — George Emerick, J. W. Meade, Z. W, Worthington, P. 
A. Byrne, Minor Bausel, Steptoe T. Tune, J. Kelly. 



ROTUES OF LETTER CARRIERS. 

John H. Tucker — South side of Pennsylvania avenue, from west side of 
Seventh street, with the Island, to Fifteenth street, including the Treasury, 
War, and Navy Buildings. 

Thomas F. Harkness — From west side of Fifteenth street to George- 
town — except State, Treasury, War, and Navy Departments. 

R. G. Ball — From west side of Ninth street to east side of Fifteenth 
street, north of Pennsylvania avenue, including State Department. 

Charles J. Wright — From east side of Ninth, above E street, to west 
side of Third street; north of Pennsylvania avenue, from Seventh to Third 
street. 

V. R. Jackson — From east side of Ninth street, above Pennsylvania ave- 
nue, and south side of E street — south side of Pennsylvania avenue from 
Seventh street to the Capitol; north side of Pennsylvania avenue from Third 
street to Indiana avenue, including Capitol Hill and Navy Yard. 



GEORGETOWN (D. C.) POST OFFICE. 

On Bridge street. 

Henry W. Tillet Postmaster. 



DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 

[Created by act of Congress, approved March 3, 1849.] 

The Department of the Interior occupies rooms, for the present, in the 
East Wing of the Patent Office Building. 

Robert McClelland, secretary of the interior. 

Duties of the Secretary of the Interior. 

The Secretary of the Interior is ex officio a member of the Cabinet, and 
holds his office during the pleasure of the President. He conducts the nego- 
tiation of all treaties with the Indian tribes; he exercises supervisory and 
appellate powers over all the acts of the Commissioner of the General Land 
Office, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs^ the Commissioner of Pensions, 
the Commissioner of Public Buildings, and the Commissioner of Patents; of 
the Warden and Inspectors of the Penitentiary, and over the accounts of 
United States Marshals, Clerks, and Attorneys. 

OFFICERS. 

George C. Whiting Chief Clerk — Room No. 13. 

J. D. B. De Bow .Superintendent of the Census — Room No. 13. 

Moses Kellet Disbursing Agent— Room No, 37. 



63 

Clerks. — Kintzing Pritchett, John Hood, room 2G; A. S. H. White, Si- 
meon Smith, room 31; O. W. Moore, Robert Bowie, A. W. Fletcher, room 
24; G. A. D. Clarke, Samuel G. Hyde, room 17; C A. Packard, room 31. 



gL 



THE PATENT OFFICE. 

s^=H g^ j|Eilra ^ V N THE building occupied by this office is located 
^^ ~^' ~"^5| \ \ on F street, north, between Seventh and Ninth 
j^Sf^^^^^gj j streets, west. It is thoroughly fire-proof in 
g^g?I^^PpH&' j its construction. The original design con- 
vSi-^f ^^^g^^ ^ templates a very extensive edifice, commen- 
surate to the objects for which it was in- 
tended. The portion of the building now erected extends 410. 
feet, by a depth of 275 feet, and two lofty stories above a high 
basement. The principal front looks down Eighth street, where 
the grand portico (of the Parthenon proportions) forms the prin- 
,^3 eipai feature of the building. 



You enter the building from this side by a grand flight of granite steps, 
which lands you on the principal business floor; in front is a large hall 
conducting to a double flight of marble steps, which ascend to the Na- 
tional Hall above. The passage on the right leads to the office rooms of the 
Commissioner of Patents, that on the left to the large model room, filled 
with the rich gifts of mechanical science and art, disposed in glass cases. 
The second floor is thrown into one great Hall for the exhibition of home 
manufactures, &c, which may appropriately be called the National Gallery. 
The length of this hall is 264 feet, the width 73 feet, and height 30 feet. 
The architectural arrangement presents in its length a quadruple row of 
massive stone columns, rising with their entablature 20 feet, above which 
spring a series of arches 10 feet high, which, covering the whole area, form 
a highly ornamental ceiling. In the centre of this order a grand vault of 40 
feet towers above the rest, pierced with an aperture of 13 feet in diameter, 
which admits the light from above — the whole constructed of solid masonry. 

This splendid Hall has been appropriated, since 1842, to receive the col- 
lections of natural history, &c, brought home by the United States Naval 
Exploring Expedition; they have since been arranged, and are still under 
the superintendence of Commander Charles Wilkes, of the Navy. 

The ethnological collections contain crania of the ancient Peruvians, vari- 
ous races of Polynesians, and of the aborigines of Oregon, California, &c, 
many of which are fancifully distorted — an operation performed during the 
infancy of the individuals in a peculiarly formed cradle, models of which are 
in the collection. The arms, hunting and fishing implements, dresses, manu- 
factures of various nations, are, many of them, very curious and interesting, 
from the fact of their showing the different stages of progression from bar- 
barism to civilization. They amount to the number of 2576 specimens. 

The mammalia and birds consist of 3130 specimens, which are represen- 
tatives of 846 species. The fish, reptiles, Crustacea, insects, echinodermata, 
shells, and coralines are in great numbers, and illustrate many thousand 
forms of animal life. 

The botanical collection — in a hortus sicus — arranged in the two northern 
alcoves of this hall, contains upwards of 10,000 species of plants, of recent 
discovery; the living plants may be seen in the botanic gardens and green- 
houses in the grounds at the foot of the Capitol Hill. 

The minerals, fossils, and geological specimens, arranged in the south- 
west part of the room, form an extensive and interesting collection. 

This hall contains, in addition to the collection of the Exploring Expedi- 
tion, many curiosities belonging to the Departments of State, War, and 
Navy, of the United States, besides the personal effects of Mr. Smithson, an 
English gentleman, who bequeathed his property to the Government of the 



64 



United States, to found the Smithsonian Institution "for the increase and 
diffusion of knowledge among men." When the building for this institution 
is ready, it is in contemplation to remove all the scientific collections now 
in this hall to it, these being presented to this institution by the munificence 
of Congress, by act approved August 10, 1846. 

The National Institute Society of the city of Washington have their scien- 
tific collections deposited here also, and they are of an interesting character. 

In the basement story of the building is a large room at the west end, for 
the reception of full-sized models; the room at the east end are occupied as 
offices. 

The large room on the principal floor, to the left of the Hall, contains all 
the models upon which patents have been issued, distributed in glass cases 
and classed in the following order, with labels affixed to each case: 

[The cases number from the right, entering the model room, down the 
range — and returning upon the left, the cases in the Vestibule, or Hall, are 
also in the numbers.] 



In what Cases. Class. 



1 and 2. 
8 



16, 17 and 18. 
10 



Vestibule 19. 



12 and 13. 
13 

14 and 16. 



15 and 16. 

13 

16 



Vestibule 21 . . . 



Vestibule 21 , 
15 



Models, Patents, &c. 



1 Agriculture — its instruments and operations. 

2 Metallurgy — manufacture of metals and instru- 
ments. 

3 Manufacture of fibrous and textile substances, 

machines, cotton, wool, &c. 

4 Chemical processes, manufactures, and compounds, 

&c. 

5 Calorific — lamps, fire-places, stoves, &c. 

6 Steam and gas engines, boilers and furnaces 

thereof, &c. 

15 7 Navigation and maritime implements, &c. 

21 8 Mathematical, philosophical, and optical instru- 
ments and clocks. 

9 Civil engineering and architecture — bridges, roads, 

canals, &c. 

10.... Land conveyance — carriages, cars, and parts 
thereof, &c. 

11.... Hydraulic and pneumatic — water wheels, wind 
mills, &c. 

12. . . . Lever, screw, and other mechanical powers, rais- 
ing, weighing, &c. 

13... . Grinding mills and other geering, horse power, &c. 

14.... Lumber — machines and tools for preparing the 
same, &c. 

15. . . . Stone and clay — manufactures, machinery for pot- 
tery, glass, &c. 

16. . . . Leather — including tannery, manufacture of boots, 
shoes, &.c. 

17.... Household furniture, and machines for domestic 
purposes, bread, &c. 

18.... Arts, polite, fine, and ornamental — music, paint- 
ing, sculpture, engraving, books, &c. 

19 ... . Fire arms and implements of war, manufacture of 
gunpowder, shot, &c. 

20... « Surgical and medical instruments, trusses, dental 
instruments, baths, &c. 

21.... Wearing apparel for the toilet, instruments for 
manufacturing, &c. 

The complaints and regrets which have "been made of the crowded condi- 
tion of these valuable works of genius will soon be remedied by the early 
completion of the great Saloon in the East Wing, where the models will be 



65 

"emoved and disposed in consecutive order. Congress has made liberal ap- 
propriations to provide ample room for the wants of this office. The West 
Wing is arranged to meet every contingency for the display of models, &c, 
for at least half a century to come. 

The East Wing being temporarily occupied by the Department of the In- 
terior has an independent entrance on Seventh street, by a noble portico, 
and those who have business with the Commissioner of Patents will find it 
more convenient to enter here also. 

Charles Mason Commissioner — East Wing. 

Duties of the Commissioner of Patents. 

The duties of this officer are onerous, arduous, and l'esponsible — all estab- 
lished by law. Although the Patent Office is nominally connected with the 
Department of the Interior, all its business operations are distinct and inde- 
pendent of the head of that department. The Secretary merely signs letters 
patent which are ordered to be issued by the Commissioner. The latter offi- 
cer causes the examination to be made, and decides, in the first instance, 
whether an application for a patent shall be granted or refused, subject how- 
ever to an appeal to the Chief Justice of the District of Columbia when a 
patent is refused; or, the aggrieved party has the power in such case to ap- 
peal to the Circuit Court of the District, by bill in equity, against the Com- 
missioner, if he prefers that form of remedy. The revenues and disburse- 
ments of the Patent Office are also under the control of the Commissioner — 
the Secretary having no power to interfere with them. 

The Commissioner of Patents superintends, executes, and performs all such 
acts and things, touching and respecting the granting and issuing of patents 
for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements, designated by 
the act passed July 4, 1836, and by subsequent acts, and has the charge and 
custody of all the books, records, papers, models, machines, and other things 
belonging to his office. To assist him in his duties, he has, besides a chief clerk 
and other clerks, twenty-seven examiners, two draughtsmen, and a machinist. 
All patents issuing from this office are issued in the name of the United States, 
and under the seal of the said office, and therein recorded. This invaluable 
institution, which may emphatically be called the peoples', has now nearly 
25,000 models of all kinds, which are open for public inspection every busi- 
ness day, besides a vast collection of the drawings of inventions patented 
in this country, together with a valuable library containing the best and most 
approved scientific works of the countries most distinguished in the arts, 
to aid the officers in the performance of their difficult and responsible duties. 

The Patent Office is a self-sustaining institution, being supported entirely 
by the duties and fees collected from inventors and persons desiring copies 
of the files and records of the office. From its foundation it has much more 
than sustained itself, and each year it deposites a surplus in the Treasury to 
its credit. After expending $319,000 towards defraying the cost of the 
present Patent Office building, and also expending nearly $100,000 in resto- 
ring the models and drawings destroyed by fire in 1836, it has now in the 
Treasury a surplus of more than $40,000. This constitutes the Patent fund, 
and is set apart by Congress for the benefit of the Patent Office, and, through 
that institution, the inventors who have paid it into the Treasury. 

OFFICERS. 
Chief Clerk Samuel T. Shugert — East Wing. 

Examiners. — L. D. Gale, J. H. Lane, H. Baldwin, G. C. Shaeffer, T. 
R. Peale, T. T. Everett— Main Building. 

Assistant Examiners — Fourth Class. — Amos B. Little — East wing. W. C. 
Langdon, R. W. M. Johnston, D. Breed, J. M. Henry, A. Herbert, £. Fore- 
man—Main Building. 



66 

A«sistant Examiners— Third Class.— A. L. Mclntyre, H. McCormick, J. 
T. Fales, D. Poole— East wing. T. Gadsden, F. W. Ritter— Centre Building. 

Assistant Examiners — Second Class. — W. A. Hacker, W. Read, C. B. 
Moss, J. Van Santwood, J. Tyssowski, E. Shaw, H. P. K. Peck, S. B. Ball- 
Main Building. 

Librarian.— W. W. Turner— Main Building. 

Agricultural Clerk.— D. J. Browne— East Building. 

Temporary Clerks.— W. G. Cranch, J. T. Ball, P. E. Wilson, C. E. Up- 
perman, T. M. O'Brien, W. R. Bradford, P. C. Howie, L. D. Mills, H. C. 
Bailey, T. Johns, H. Holt, D. C. Dunlap, J. A. Rowland, P. M. McGill, L. 
Elliott, S. E. Cone, J. S. Ewhank, W. M. McCauley, jr.,L. Bosworth. 

Draughtsmen.— J. H. Phillips, S. W. Wood. 

Machinist. — W. Slicer. 

Messenger. — G. R. Adams. 

National Gallery. — John Varden, in charge of the Hall; W. G. Camp- 
bell, assistant. 

Watchmen. — J. Ellis, J. M. Brown, C. R. Johnson, M. Gassaway, and J. 
H. Ballman. 



GENERAL LAND OFFICE. 
This Bureau occupies rooms on the Third Floor, Treasury Building. 

John Wilson Commissioner — Room No. 24. 

Duties of the Commissioner. 

Prior to April, 1812, grants of land were issued by letters patent from the 
Department of State. By an act of that date a General Land Office was 
established, in which all patents for lands are now made out and recorded. 
By that act the President was required to sign all land patents, but under a 
law of March, 1833, a secretary has been appointed to sign them for him. 
By the act of 4th July, 1836, the General Land Office was reorganized and 
enlarged. It is now the depository of all maps of surveys of the public 
lands and private land claims, and from it emanates all titles to tracts by 
purchases, donations, and otherwise, in the national domain. The Commis- 
sioner is the chief officer, but the office is connected with the Interior De- 
partment, over which the Secretary of the Interior presides. 

By the act of April, 1820, all sales of public lands made after July of that 
year are made for cash, and complete payment must be made on the day of 
purchase. The minimum price is fixed at $1.25 per acre, below which they 
cannot be disposed of. 

OFFICERS. 

J. N. Granger, Recorder — Room No. 20. 

C. S. Frailey, Principal Clerk of Public Lands — Room No. 23. 

J. S. Wilson, Principal Clerk of Private Land Claims — Room No. 27. 

J. M. Moore, Principal Clerk of Surveys — Room No. 21. 

W. T. Steiner, Surveying Clerk — Room No. 26. 

A. Bielaski, Draughtsman; H. Mitchell, Assistant — Room No. 26. 

Clerks.— N. P. Causin, room 28; J. W. De Krafft, 22; N. A.Randall, 15; 
J. L. Barnhill, 4; B. T. Reilly, 7; W. V. H. Brown, 12; H. H. Heath, 42; 
N. Vedder, 38; S. V. Niles, 39; W. H. Lowry, 29; B. Evans, 21; S. J. Dal- 
las, 24; F. A. Tschiffely, 19; J. L. Cathcart, 15; J. H. Blake, 4; C.N. 



67 

Davis, 7; G. W. Boardman, 12; D. McCarty, 52; S. Brintnall, 28; P. H. 
Sweet, 32; C. C.Leeds, 36; W. H. Coleman, 14; J. E. Conant, 11; O. Du- 
four, 44; J. H. Wheeler, 44; W. A. Page, 15; A. K. Smith, 42; H. L. 
Skinner, 36; J. L. Cramer, 11; J. W. Irwin, 22; W. F. Wilson, 22; W. 
W. King, 18; and E. G. Smith, W. W. Yerby, E. A. Cabell, C. P. Smith, 
M. Willett, E. H. Fuller, A. J. Dinnies, C. Walbridge, W. M. Ferguson, C. 
Gratiot, J. F. McQuade, A. J. Stansbury, E. F. Ruth, S. F. Rand, C. Has- 
kins, S. C Benham, A. Holmead, R. T. Morsell, John Gould, M. R. Shyne, 
J. H. Bingham, H. K. Kallussowski, J. D. Ott, R. R. Richards, J. Lowber, 
G. P. Howell, T. Snowden, W. F. Brooke, J. T. M. Barnes, W. E. Powell, 
A. G. Haley, James Harper, W. S. Crawford, P. M. Martin, E. Brooks, 
O. Schoaenberg, W. A. Harris, B. J. Nalle, R. L. Ream, J. W. Hiester, W. 
Clyde, A. Steel, G. W. Beall, J. F. Young, C. F. Widup, N. H. Starbuck, 
H. Borland, J. A. Deeble, G. W. Bradford, A. Wingerd, C. Young, W. 
Darby, R. Ricketts, J. B. Sade, B. T. Swarte, R. Bassett, J. Dupuy, C. P. 
Pope, G. T. Dearing, O. McGarr, W. O. Lumsden, J. H. Waggaman, T. W. 
Thompson, G. H. Gurley, R. Kelley, A. P. Wilbar, J M. Lucas, J. A. Wil- 
liamson, J. McDuell, J. G. Perry. 

J. S. Wilson, Superintendent of Chickasaw business — Room No. 7. 

Messengers. — G. Powell, W. E. Morem; M. Reardon, G. Rowzee, J. B. 
Smith — Room 16. 

Packers. — T. H. Quincy, A. Hines — Room 16. 

Laborers. — S. Coomes, B. C. Freeman, A. E. Lamerle, Guy Graham. 



INDIAN BUREAU. 
On the Second Floor, West End, War Department. 

Gkoroe W. Manntpennt Commissioner — Second Floor. 

Duties of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 



* fl ^l3**W''-^So v v HE has the management of all Indian 

affairs, and of all matters arising out of 
Indian relations under the direction of 
the Interior Department. All accounts 
and vouchers for claims ard disburse- 
ments connected with Indian affairs 
must be transmitted to the Commis- 
sioner for administrative examination, 
and by him be passed to the Second 
Auditor of the Treasury for settlement. 

OFFICERS. 
Chief Clerk Charles £. Mix. 

Clerks.— G. E. Herrick, H. Beard, A. Chapman, W. B. Waugh, H. 
Miller, E. R. Smoot, E. B. Grayson, N. Quackenbush, M. J. Bacon, J. R. 
Roche, J. Dowling, G. H. Holtzman, J. Lindsay, T. J. Robinson, and E. L, 
Stevens. 

Messengers.— C. Drain©; H. Bittenger. 




68 

PENSION BUREAU. 

This Bureau occupies i*ooms in Winder's Building — Fourth and Fifth Stories. 

Loren P. Waldo Commissioner. 

Duties of the Commissioner of Pensions. 

Under acts of Congress he grants allowances to officers and soldiers of the 
revolutionary army, and in relation to Virginia claims for revolutionary 
services and deficiency of commutations. He executes, under the direction 
of the Secretary of the Interior, such duties in relation to the various pen- 
sion laws as may he prescribed by the President of the United States. 

OFFICERS. 
Chief Clerk Samuel Cole. 

Clerks.— T. Triplett, C. H. Rhett, J. F. Adams, R. Geddes, J. D. Wil- 
son, W. Gordon, W. O. Niles, J. J. Smith, G. D. Kean, B. Hall, M. Bull, 
W. A. Broadus, R. McRea, A. H. Woods, W. Burke, T. Jenkins, A. H. 
Evans, L. J. Brown, J. D. Toll, W. O. Slade, J. E. Stewart, D. P. Perkins, 
W. B. Malcolm, S. C. Boynton, R. D. Clarke, J. H. Busch, J. Chestney, S. 
C. Dodge, J. L. Gray, Elias Marsh, D. M. Cook, M. J. Atkinson, T. Moore, 
W. H. Woodley, L. F. Whitney, O. W. Marsh, T. N. Adams, J. Orr, J. L. 
Anderson, J. Robh, A. R. Sparks, D. W. Collins, J. A. Johnson, J. H. Flood, 
R. W. Clark, T. J. Albright, W. G. Busey, W. R. Wilson, A. H. Anderson. 

Messengers.— C. Hibbs, A. E.Le Merle, W. T. Ford, G. Hibbs. 

Laborers. — E. M. Thomas, P. Jennings. 



THE PENITENTIARY. 

Warden Thomas Thornley. 

Clerk ' J- King. 

Phvsician A. Y. P. Garnett. 

Chaplain C. W. Denison. 

Inspectors. — R. Jones, H. Lindsley, S. Pumphrey. 

Keepers. — T. Mitchell; N. J. Thomas, assistant. 

Messenger. — W. J. Langfeldt. 

Guards.— M. Nash, C. W. Johnson, J. S. Cramprey, R. Keith, and L. H. 
Martin. 



CITY ENGINEER. 
To ascertain the grades of the avenues and streets of the city of Washington. 
Randolph Cqyle , Engineer. 

PUBLIC PRINTERS. 

Of the Senate Beverly Tucker. 

Or the House , A. O. P. Nicholson. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 

The corner stone of this Monument was laid on the 4th of July, 1848, and 
has attained a height of 150 feet. It stands in the centre of the mall oppo- 
site the President's Mansion. The base of the obelisk part of the Monument 
is 81 feet square — its finished altitude, according to the original design, is to 
be 600 feet, and to be encircled by a grand Pantheon temple, 250 feet in 
diameter and 100 feet high; surmounting the portico of entrance to which is 
to be a colossal statue of Washington, 30 feeet high, represented in a chariot 
drawn by six Horses, driven by Victory, all of colossal proportions. 

The magnificent terrace which crowns this Pantheon, 750 feet in circuit, 
is opened in the centre at the four cardinal points, and surmounted each 
with a circular temple, crowned with the symbols of Immortality. On each 
face at the foot of the great shaft are tablets of sculpture, representing the 
battle scenes of the revolution — Yorktown, Trenton, Monmouth, Brandy- 
wine, &c; and far up in the blue expanse shines out the star of his glory. 

The Pantheon is surrounded by a colonnade, numbering in columns with 
the immortal signers of the Declaration of Independence, whose statues are 
to be placed here against the out walls of the cella within. The columns 
of this colonnade are of the American order, and stand on a high stylobate; 
they are to be 12 feet in diameter and 50 feet high, surmounted by an entab- 
lature 20 feet high, enriched with the coat of arms of every State in the 
Union — over which is a massive balustrade 15 feet high, forming a second 
colonnade surrounding the terrace. 

The cella of the Pantheon is entered by a grand flight of steps in front of 
the portico. Here is represented the glorious galaxy of the heroes of the 
revolution of 1776 — the compatriots of Washington — whose statues will also 
grace the scene; and above their statues are to be represented tablets on the 
walls of battle and other scenes in which they were engaged, whether in the 
forum, on the land, or the sea. In the centre of this spacious Pantheon, 
within the court of the obelisk, are the mementos of Pater Patriae. Ascend- 
ing the flight of iron steps here, (surrounded by the beautiful mementos of a 
grateful people placed on the walls,) and reaching the grand terrace, an arch- 
way under the balustrade leads by a flight of stone steps down within the 
height of the great entablature, where a vaulted gallery conducts to a series 
of cabinets — one for each State in the Union — where are to be deposited the 
records of the names of the contributors towards the erection of the Monu- 
ment, (for it was the resolve of the managers of the Monument that the 
honor of building it should be the people's, and that it should be called the 
"People's dedication to the Father of his Country.) Here is presented the 
incentive to this generation to come forward liberally and contribute of their 
abundance to complete, within their own age, this monument to him who 
perilled all for the liberties and blessings they now enjoy. 

Who desires that their name should be handed down to ages yet unborn, 
to be gratefully remembered by those who shall come after them ? Here 
are the means of effecting this; and when in after ages your descendants 
shall visit the Monument, and search these records, deposited under the 
name of the State and the county or town where their forefathers resided, 
with what delight will they look on their signatures and contributions to- 
wards the execution of this great work. But I have said enough on this 
subject. If our citizens— men and women, one and all — would give but a 
dime each, twenty millions of dimes would meet every expense of the work, 
to completion . Who has patriotism enough in each of our States, and their 



70 

counties and towns, to enter on the duty of collecting the dimes, and deposit- 
ing them in the treasury of their State to the credit of the Monument? Let 
such announce their generous act to the managers of the Monument. 

In the height of the stylobate or grand base of the Monument will be a 
series of apartments, disposed in such intricate form as will rival the cele- 
brated labarynths of Crete, Egypt, Lemnos, or Tuscane. While these 
vaulted passages are necessary to the structure above, they will constitute 
one of the most curious subterranean apartments in the world. 

The material used in the construction of this Monument is white marble, 
called, from its peculiar texture, the crystal marble, from the brilliant 
specks on its surface. It is used in massive blocks, backed by large granite 
cubes, making up a thickness of walls of 15 feet in the obelisk now under 
construction. 

OFFICERS. 

His Excellency the President of the United States Franklin Pierce, ex 

officio President. 

Gen. A. Henderson First Vice President. 

Mayor of Washington * Second Vice President. 

J. B. H. Smith Treasurer. 

Carroll Brent Secretary. 

Board of Managers. — Major General Scott, General F. Towson, Col. 
J. J. Abert, Col. Kearny, General Walter Jones, Thomas Carbery, Peter 
Force, W. A. Bradley, F. R. Fendall, Walter Lenox, M.F. Maury, Thomas 
Blagden. 

General Agent Elisha Whittlesey. 

Architect Robert Mills. 



RESIDENCES OF PUBLIC OFFICERS. 

Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire, President of the United States, Ex- 
ecutive Mansion. 

D. R. Atchison, of Missouri, President of the Senate, south side F street, 
between Ninth and Tenth streets. 

William L. Marcy, Secretary of State, west side Vermont avenue, between 
H and I streets. 

James Guthrie, Secretary of the Treasury, north side F, between Thir- 
teenth and Fourteenth streets. 

Robert McClelland, Secretary of the Interior, Coxe's Row, First street, 
Georgetown. 

Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War, Fourteenth street, between F and G. 

J. C. Dobbin, Secretary of the Navy, I street, between Seventeenth and 
Eighteenth streets, north side. 

James Campbell, Postmaster General, south side Sixth street, between 
Third and Four-and-a-Half streets. 

Caleb Cushing, Attorney General, northeast corner of H and Seventeenth 
streets. 



NATIONAL INSTITUTE: 
For the Promotion of Science — Incorporated by Jict of Congress. 
Meets twice a month in the Patent Office Building- 
President. • Peter Force. 

Corresponding Secretary*. • '• J> C Gi Kennedy. 

Retarding Secretary. « *L. D. Gale, M. D\ 



71 

OFFICERS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 

« 

Franklin Pierce, Ex officio Presiding Officer of the Institution. 

Roger B. Taney, Chancellor of the Institution. 

Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Institution. 

Charles C. Jewett, Assitant Secretary, in charge of the Library, southwest 
corner 15th and H streets. 

Spencer F. Baird, Assistant Secretary, in charge of the Museum, &c, 
south side G, between 13th and 14th streets. 

Alexander D. Bache } 

James A. Pearce > Executive Committee. 

Joseph G. Totten ) 

Richard Rush ) 

John W. Maury S Building Committee . 

Joseph Henry ) 

W. W. Seaton, Treasurer. 

Regents of the Institution. 

Hon. , Vice President of the United States. 

" Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States. 

" John W. Maury, Mayor of the City of Washington. 

" James A. Pearce, Member of the Senate of the United States. 

" James M. Mason, Member of the Senate of the United States. 

" , Member of the Senate of the United States. 

*' William H. English, member of the House of Representatives. 

" David Stuart, Member of the House of Representatives. 

" Jame, Meacham, Member of the House of Representatives. 
Rufus Choate, citizen of Massachusetts. 
Gideon Hawley, citizen of New York. 
J. MacPherson Berrien, citizen of Georgia. 
Richard Rush, citizen of Pennsylvania. 
Alexander D. Bache, citizen of Washington. 
Joseph G. Totten, citizen of Washington. 

Members of the " Establishment. *' 

Franklin Pierce, President of the United States. 

, Vice President of the United States. 

William L. Marcy, Secretary of State. 

James Guthrie, Secretary of the Treasury. 

Jerfferson Davis, Secretary of War. 

James C. Dobbin, Secretary of the Navy. 

James Campbell, Postmaster General. 

Caleb Cushing, Attorney General. 

Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States. 

Charles Mason, Commissioner of Patents, 

John W. Maury, Mayor of the City of Washington. 

Honorary Members. 

Robert Hare, Benjamin Silliman, 

Washington Irving, Parker Cleveland. 



UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

Meets annually, in February, at the Smihsonian Institution. 

Marshall P. Wilder, Boston President 

Joseph C. G. Kennedy Corresponding Secretary 

William Selden, Washington • -Treasurer. 

W. S. King, Rhode Island. Recording Secretary 



72 
FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 

DEPARTMENT OF STATE— DIPLOMATIC CORPS. 

List of Foreign Ministers, their Secretaries and Attaches, accredited to the 
Government of the United States. 

ENVOYS EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARY. 

ENGLAND. 

John F. Crampton, Esq., Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 

Heights of Georgetown. 
Philip Griffith, Esq., Secretary of Legation, Heights of Georgetown. 
Edwin Corbett, Attache, Heights of Georgetown. 

FRANCE. 
The Count de Sartiges, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 

G street, between 17th and 18th streets, Washington. 
Mr. G. de Boilleau, Secretary of Legation, G street, between 17th and 18th 

streets, Washington. 
Mr. De Gilibert, Chancellor. 
Mr. de St. Ferriol, Attache. 
M. de Fernignac, do. 

RUSSIA. 

. , Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

Mr. de Cramer, First Secretary of Legation. 

Mr. Catacasi, Second Secretary of Legation, 6th street, Washington. 

NETHERLANDS. 
Baron F. M. W. Testa, Charge d'Affaires, Washington. 

BELGIUM. 
Henry Bosch Spencer, Charge d'Affaires. 
A. T. Kieckhoefer, Chancellor, Washington. 

BREMEN. 
Rudolph Schleiden, Minister Resident, Washington. 

PORTUGAL. 
Com. J. C. de Figaniere e Morao, Minister Resident, New York. 
Senor F. F. de la Figaniere, Attache. 
Senor G. Ferreira dos Santos, do. 

PRUSSIA. 
Baron Fr. Von Gerolt, Minister Resident, Baltimore. 
Baron Grabow, Secretary of Legation. 
Count R. Goschutz, Attache. 
Count Renaud, do. 

AUSTRIA. 
Chevalier Hulseman, Charge d'Affaires, Washington. 

DENMARK. 
M. Steen de Bille, Charge d'Affaires, Philadelphia. 
M. T. de Bille, Attache. 

PARMA. 
Don Jose Maria Mafallon, Charge d'Affaires, Washington. 

SARDINIA. 
Marquis Taliacarne, Charge d'Affaires, Washington. 
SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 
Chevalier George de Sibbern, Charge d'Affaires, Washington. 



73 

SPAIN. 

Don Jose Maria Mafallon, First Secretary of Legation, Charge d'AfFaires, 
Washington. 

J. E. de Navarra, Second Secretary of Legation. 

Don T. Moreno, Attache. 

Don Luis Potestad, do. 

BRAZIL. 

The Commander F. J. de Carvallo Moreira, Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 
ister Plenipotentiary, corner K and 23d streets, Washington. 

F. V. da Costa Aguiar de Andrada, Attache of First class, and Secretary ad 
interim . 

COSTA RICA. 

Senor Don Felipe Molina, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary, at Mrs. Ulrich's, Washington. 

GUATEMALA. 

Senor Don Felipe Molina, Minister Plenipotentiary. 

MEXICO. 
Senor General Don Juan N. Almonte, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 

Plenipotentiary, Seven Buildings, 3d house, Washington. 
Senor Don J. M. Gonzales de la Vega, Secretary of Legation. 
Don Antonio Sierra, Clerk. 
Don Gregorio Barandiaran, Attache. 

NICARAGUA. 
Senor Don Jose de Marcoleta, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary, at Mrs. Kieckhoefer's, Washington. 

SAN SALVADOR. 
Senor Don Felipe Molina, Minister Plenipotentiary. 

VENEZUELA. 
Senor Don Lucio Pulido, Minister Plenipotentiary. Now absent. 

ECUADOR. 
Senor General Don Jose de Villamil, Charge d'AfFaires, 5th street, one door 
from Louisiana avenue, Washington. 

NEW GRENADA. 
Senor Victoriano de Diego Paredes, Charge d'AfFaires, New York. 

PERU. . 
Senor Don Juan Y. de Osma, Charge d'AfFaires, C street, near 3d, Washington. 



DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 

List of Ministers, Consuls, and other Diplomatic and Commercial Agents cf 

the United States in Foreign Countries, and of their Places of Residence 

in those Countries. 

BRITISH DOMINIONS. 

England. 
James Buchanan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 

London . 
Daniel E. Sickles, Secretary of Legation, London. 
George N. Sanders, consul, London. 
Albert Davy, consul, Leeds. 
Nathaniel Hawthorne, consul, Liverpool. 

10 



74 

Joseph R. Croskey, consul, Southampton and Cowes 
Francis B. Ogden, consul, Bristol. 
Robert W. Fox, consul, Falmouth. 
Thomas W. Fox, consul, Plymouth. 

Scotland. 
James McDowell, consul, Leith, (Port of Edinburgh.) 
Thomas Steer, consul, Dundee. 
Philip T. Heart, consul, Glasgow. 

Ireland. 
JohnC. O'Neill, consul, Belfast. 
John Higgins, consul, Cork. 
John Duffy, consul, Galway. 

China. 
James Keenan, consul, Hong Kong. 

East Indies. 
Charles Huffnagle, consul, Calcutta. 
Edward Ely, consul, Bombay. 
John Black, commercial agent, Ceylon. 

Australia . 
James H. Williams, consul, Sydney, N. S. W. 
James M. Tarleton, consul, Melbourne. 

Van Dieman's Land. 
Elisha Hathaway, consul, Hobart Town. 

In and near Europe or 'Africa. 

Horatio J. Sprague, consul, Gibraltar. 

William Winthrop, consul, Island of Malta. 

Gideon S. Holmes, consul, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. 

Hollier Griffiths, acting consul, Port Louis, Isle of France. 

George W. Kimball, commercial agent, Island of St. Helena. 

North America. 
Israel D. Andrews, consul, St. John's, New Brunswick and Canada. 
Robert W. Frazer, consul, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
Benjamin H. Norton, consul, Pictou, Nova Scotia. 
William S. H. Newman, consul, St. John's, Newfoundland. 

West Indies. m 

Robert M. Harrison, consul, Kingston, Jamaica. 
John F. Bacon, consul, Nassau, N. P. 
John L. Nelson, consul, Turk's Island. 
Noble Towner, consul, Barbadoes. 
E. B. Marache, consul, Island of Trinidad. 
William T. Tucker, acting consul, Bermuda. 
R. S. Higinbothom, commercial agent, Antigua. 
William T. Thurston, commercial agent, St. Christopher. 

South America. 
C. W. Denison, consul, Demerara, British Guiana. 

RUSSIA. 

Thomas H. Seymour, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 

St. Petersburg. 
R Augustus Erving, Secretary of Legation, St. Petersburg. 
William H. Ropes, consul, St. Petersburg. 
Alexander Schwartz, consul, Riga. 



75 

Edmund Brandt, consul, Archangel, (Northern Russia.) 

John Ralli, consul, Odessa. 

Reynold Frenckell, consul, Helsingfors. 

FRENCH DOMINIONS. 

John Y. Mason, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Paris. 

Henry S. Sanford, Secretary of Legation, Paris. 

Duncan K. McRae, consul, Paris. 

Charles S. J. Goodrich, consul, Lyons. 

J. B. C. Antoine, consul, Sedan. 

Hypolite Roques, consul, Nantes. 

Edward B. Buchanan, consul, La Rochelle. 

Levi K. Bowen, consul, Bordeaux. 

William H. Vesey, consul, Havre. * 

Samuel Dinsmore, consul, Marseilles. 

John P. Sullivan, consul, Bayonne. ,, 

Charles Auduoy, consul, Napoleon-Vendee. 

West Indies. 
John W. Fisher, consul, Guadaloupe. 
Alexander Campbell, consul, Martinique. 

Africa. 
Henri Stuckle, consul, Algiers. 

America. 
George Hughes, commercial agent, St. Pierre, Miquelon. 

SPANISH DOMINIONS. 

Pierre Soule, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Madrid. 

Horatio J. Perry, Secretary of Legation, Madrid. 

William L. Giro, consul, Alicante. 

Maximo de Aguirre, consul, Bilboa. 

Alexander Burton, consul, Cadiz. 

John Somers Smith, consul, Barcelona. 

Spiridion Ladico, consul. Port Mahon, Minorca. 

John Morand, consul, Valencia. 

Manuel Barcena, consul, Vigo. 

Cuba. 
Edward Worrell, consul, Matanzas. 
Samuel McLean, consul, Trinidad de Cuba. 
Stephen Cochran, consul, St. Iago de Cuba. 

Puerto Rico. 
James C. Gallaher, consul, Ponce. 
George Latimer, consul, St. John's. 

Other Spanish Islands. 
Alfred H. P. Edwards, consul, Mamilla, Phillippine. 

PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS. 

Charles B. Haddock, Charge d'Affaires, Lisbon. 

Nicholas Pike, consul, Lisbon. 

Robert P. De Silver, consul, Macoa. 

Charles W. Dabney, consul, Fayal, Azores. 

John H. March, consul, Funchal, Madeira. 

George R, Dwyer, consul, Mozambique. 

John G. Willis, commercial agent, St. Paul's de Eoando, "West' Africa. 



76 

BELGIUM. 

J. J. Seibels, Charged 'Affaires, Brussels. 
Alois D. Gall, consul, Antwerp. 

DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 

August Belmont, Charge d'Affaires, Hague. 
R. G. Barnwell, consul, Amsterdam. 
William S. Campbell, consul, Rotterdam. 
Francis W. Cragin, consul, Paramaibo, Surinam. 
Alfred A. Reed, commercial agent, Batavia, Java. 
H. O. Claughton, commercial agent, St. Martin. 
James H. Young, agent, Curacoa, West Indies. 

DANISH DOMINIONS. 

Henry Bedinger, Charge d'Affaires, Copenhagen. 

Charles F. Ryan, consul, Copenhagen. 

H. T. A. Rainals, consul, Elsineur. 

Diedrich Kohlsatt, consul, Altona. 

David Rogers, consul, Santa Cruz, West Indies. 

Charles J. Helm, commercial agent, St. Thomas, West Indies,. 

SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 

Francis Schroeder, Charge d'Affaires, Stockholm. 
Charles D. Arfwedson, consul, Stockholm. 
Alexander Barclay, consul, Gothenburg, Sweden. 
Helmich Janson, consul, Bergen, Norway. 

PRUSSIA. 

Peter D. Vroom, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Berlin 
O. Jennings Wise, Secretary of Legation, Berlin. 
Isaac C. Bates, consul, Aix La Chapelle. 
Frederick Schillow, consul, Stettin. 

AUSTRIA. 

Henry R. Jackson, Charge d'Affaires, Vienna, 
George W. Lippett, consul, Vienna. 
Wyndham Robertson, consul, Trieste. 
Donald G. Mitchell, consul, Venice. 

SAXONY. 

Arnol Graef, consul, Dresden. 
John G. Flugel, consul, Leipsic. 

DUCHY OF SAXE MEININGEN-HILBURGHAUSEN. 

Louis Lindner, consul, Sonneberg. 

BAVARIA. 

Charles Obermeyer, consul, Augsburg. 
Philip Giesse, consul, Nuremberg. 

WURTEMBERG, 

Max Stettheimer, consul, Stuttgardt. 

HANOVER. 

Charles Graebe, consul, Frankfort on the Maya 



77 

GRAND DUCHY OF HESSE CASSEL. 
John B. M. Melchoirs, consul, Mayence. 

NASSAU. 
John B. M. Melchoirs, consul, Mayence. 

BADEN. 

John Scherff, consul, Manheim. 

HANSEATIC OR FREE CITIES. 

S. M. Johnson, consul, Hamburg. 

William Hildebrand, consul, Bremen. 

Charles Graebe, acting consul, Frankfort on the Mayn. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Theodore S. Fay, Minister Resident, Berne. 
Daniel S. Lee, consul, Basle. 
George H. Goundie, consul, Zurich. 

SARDINIA. 

John M. Daniel, Charge d 'Affaires, Turin. 
J. B. Wilbor, acting consul, Genoa. 
J. B. Wilbor, senior, consul, Nice. 

TUSCANY. 

J. A. Binda, consul, Leghorn. 

Hiram Powers, commercial agent, Florence. 

PONTIFICAL STATES. 

Lewis Cass, jr. , Charge d'Affaires, Rome. 
William Walton, consul, Carrara. 

TWO SICILIES. 

Robert Dale Owen, Charge d'Affaires, Naples. 
Alexander Hammett, consul, Naples. 
Julius C. Kretschmar, consul, Palermo. 
Alexander H. Clements, consul, Messina. 

TURKISH DOMINIONS. 

Carroll Spence, Minister Resident, Constantinople. 

John P. Brown, dragoman, Constantinople. 

E. S. Offley, consul, Smyrna. 

J. Hosford Smith, consul, Beirut. 

George Mountford ? consul, Candia. 

Merino de Mattey, consul, Cyprus. 

Under the Government of the Pacha of Egypt. 

Edwin de Leon, consul general, Alexandria. 

GREECE. 

Jonas King, acting consul, Athens. 

IONIAN REPUBLIC 

Amos S. York, consul, Zante. 



78 

BABBARY STATES. 

George V. Brown, consul, Tangiers, Morocco. 

Marcus J. Gaines, consul, Tripoli, Tripoli. 

Juda Solomon Levy, commercial agent, Tetuan, Morocco. 

Meshod Abecasis, commercial agent, Larache and Arzila, Morocco. 

AFRICA. 

James W. Lugenbeel, agent on the coast of Africa, under the act of Con- 
gress of 3d March, 1819. 

DOxMINIONS OF THE IMAUM OF MUSCAT. 

William McMullen, consul, Island of Zanzibar. 

SUMATRA. 

Robert R. Purvis, commercial agent, Padang. 

CHINA. 

Robert M. McLane, Commissioner, Canton. 

Peter Parker, Secretary of Legation and Chinese Interpreter, Canton. 

Paul S. Forbes, consul, 'Janton. 

Caleb Jones, consul, Fuh Chau. 

Thomas H. Hyatt, consul, Amoi. 

Robert C. Murphy, consul, Shang Hai. 

Charles W. Bradley, consul, Ningoo. • 

SANDWICH OR HAWAIAN ISLANDS. 

David L. Gregg, commissioner, Honolulu. 
Benjamin F. Angel, consul, Honolulu. 
George M. Chase, consul, Lahaina. 
Thomas Miller, consul, Hilo. 

NAVIGATOR'S ISLANDS. 
Aaron Van Camp, commercial agent, Apio. , 

SOCIETY ISLANDS. 
William H. Kelly, consul. Tahiti. 

NEW ZEALAND. 
John B. Williams, consul, Bay of Islands. 

FEEJEE ISLANDS. 
John B. Williams, commercial agent, Lanthala. 

HAYTI OR SAN DOMINGO. 

Joseph N. Lewis, commercial agent, Port-au-Prince. 

Sidney Oak Smith, commercial agent, Aux-Cayes. 

John L. Wilson, commercial agent, Cape Haytien. 

Jonathan Elliot, commercial agent, St. Domingo and Porto Rico. 

MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 

James Gadsden, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Mexico 
John Cripps, Secretary of Legation, Mexico. 
John Black, consul, Mexico. 
Franklin Chase, consul, Tampico. 
James F. Waddell, consul, Matamoras. 



79 

John T. Pickett, consul, Vera Cruz. 
Robert R. Gatton, consul, Mazatlan. 
George W. P. Bissell, consul, San Bias. 
John A. Robinson, consul, Guaymas. 
David R. Diffenderffer, consul, Paso del Norte. 
Charles L. Denman, consul, Acapulco. 
Charles R. Webster, consul, Tehuantepec. 
James A. Pleasants, consul, Minatitlan. 

CENTRAL AMERICA. 

Solon Borland, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 

Frederick A. Beelen, Secretary of Legation. 

A. Follin, consul, Omoa and Truxillo, in Honduras. 

Jos. W. Fabens, commercial agent, San Juan del Norte or del Nicaragua. 

Marquis L. Hine, consul, San Jose, in Costa Rica. 

NEW GRENADA. 

James S. Green, Charge d 'Affaires, Bogota. 
Ramon Leon Sanchez, consul, Carthegena. 
Thomas W. Ward, consul, Panama. 
John A. Bennett, consul, Bogota. 
George W. Fletcher, consul, Aspinwall. 

VENEZUELA. 

Roland Dubs, consul, Maracaibo. 
Southey Grinalds, consul, Puerto Cabello. 
Isaac T. Golding, consul, Laguayra. 
Adolphus H. W«appaus, consul, Cuidad Bolivar. 

ECUADOR. 

Philo White, Charge d 'Affaires, Quito. 
M. P. Game, consul, Guayaquil. 

BRAZIL. 

William Trousdalei Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 

Rio de Janeiro. 
Alexander Thomson, consul, Maranham Island. 
Henry B. Dewey, consul, Para. 
William Lilley, consul, Pernambuco. 
Robert G. Scott, consul, Rio de Janeiro. 
Robert S. Cathcart, consul, St. Catharine's Island. 
George F. Upton, consul, Rio Grande. 
J. S. Gilmer, consul, Bahia de San Salvador. 

URUGUAY, OR CISPLATINE REPUBLIC. 

Robert M. Hamilton, consul, Montevideo. 

ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. 

John S. Pendleton, Charge d 'Affaires, Buenos Ayres. 
Joseph Graham, consul, Buenos Ayres. 
William H. Smiley, consul, Rio Negro. 

FALKLAND ISLANDS 

William H. Smiley, commercial agent, Rio Negro. 

PARAGUAY. 
Edward A. Hopkins, consul, Asuncion. 



80 

CHILE. 

Samuel Medary, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, St. Iago 
Thomas E. Massey, Secretary of Legation, St. Iago. 
Reuben Wood, consul, Valparaiso. 
Samuel F. Haviland, consul, Coquimbo. 

PERU. 

J. Randolph Clay, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Lima. 
James C. Marriot, Secretary of Legation, Lima. 
Fayette M. Ringgold, consul, Paita. 
George W. Brandeth, consul, Tumbez. 

BOLIVIA. 
John W. Dana, Charge d'Affaires, Chuquisaca. 



MAIL ARRANGEMENTS. 
Arrival and Departure of Mails — Washington Post Office, January, 1854. 

The Great Eastern Mail, from Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Bos- 
ton, &c, and Buffalo, &c, arrives at Q% a. m. and 6 p. m., daily; and the 
mail to be sent from this office, to and by those places, will be closed, as 
heretofore, at 3 and 9 o'clock, p. m., daily. 

The Southern Mail will be closed hereafter daily at 7 and 9 o'clock, p. m..; 
and will be received, as heretofore, daily, by 5J*j o'clock, a. m., and 3 p. m. 

The Second Eastern Mail closes at 9 p. m., and Great Western Mail closes 
at 2 p. m., and are received by 6 p. m., daily. The mail trains north of 
Philadelphia are to arrive there in time to connect with the train for Balti- 
more, which brings the Great Mail to arrive here by 6% a. m. No Eastern 
Mail is received at this office on Sunday night, and no Eastern Mail, to be 
sent beyond Baltimore, is made up on Saturday night. 

The mail for Annapolis, Md., and Norfolk and adjacent places in Virginia, 
is closed at %% p. m., except Saturday; and is received six times a week, 
with a mail from Baltimore, Md., by 12 m. 

The mail from Georgetown, D. C, is received twice daily, by 8 a. m., 
and 5 p.m., and it is closed for that place at the same hours. 

The postage on newspapers, and that on all printed matter addressed to 
any foreign country, is required to be paid in advance. The postage is also 
to be prepaid on letters and packets addressed to foreign countries, other 
than Great Britain, Ireland, and Scotland, and Bremen, in Europe, and 
some places to which they pass through the Bremen post office. 

The office is open from 1% o'clock, a. m., to 8 o'clock, p. m., daily, ex- 
cept Sunday; and on that day it is open from 8 to 10 a. m., and from 7 to 
8 o'clock, p. m. 

The Railroad Cars leave the depot, Washington, daily, at 6 and 8 a. m., 3 
and 5 p. m., and arrive at the depot, Baltimore, in about two hours; they 
leave the depot, Baltimore; at 4 and 9 a.m., and 3>£ and 7 p. m., and arrive 
at the depot, Washington, in about two hours. 

MOUNT VERNON. 

The steamer George Washington or Thomas Collyer leaves the wharf 
every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, at half-past 10 o'clock, a. m., for 
Mount Vernon and Fort Washington. 

A line of Omnibusses, which connects with the boat, leaves the Capitol at 
a quarter before 10 o'clock, each day. 



81 

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BOARDING HOUSES. 

Miss Anderson's — South side D street, between Second and Third streets. 

Mrs. Anderson's — North side Pennsylvania avenue, between Eleventh and 
Twelfth streets. 

Ly. Boyles' — West side Four-and-a-Half street, between Pennsylvania 
avenue and C street. * 

Brown's Hotel — Pennsylvania avenue. 

Mrs. Carter's— Capitol Hill. 

Campbell's Building — North side Pennsylvania avenue, between Four-and- 
a-Half and Sixth streets. 

Mrs. Davis's — South side Pennsylvania avenue, between Four-and-a-Half 
and Sixth streets. 

Mrs. Duncan's — North side Louisiana avenue, between Fifth and Sixth 
streets. 

Mrs. Ennis's — Dowson's Row, Capitol Hill. 

Mrs. Esterly's — North side Pennsylvania avenue, between Second and 
Third streets. 

Mrs. Esterly's — South side B street, between Second and Third streets. 

M,r. Fitzgerald's — North side Pennsylvania avenue, between Third and 
Four-and-a-Half streets. 

Mrs. Fletcher's — South side Pennsylvania avenue, between Third and 
Four-and-a-Half streets. 

Gadsby's Hotel — Pennsylvania avenue. 

Mrs. Grouixe's — South side Pennsylvania avenue, between Sixth and 
Seventh streets. 

Charles T. Gardiner's — North side G street, between Thirteenth and 
Fourteenth streets. 

Mr. Gilbert's — North side Pennsylvania avenue, between First and Second 
streets. 

Mr. Gildemeister's — West side Four-and-a-Half street, between Pennsyl- 
vania avenue and C street. 

Mrs. Harrison's — South side Pennsylvania avenue, between Sixth and 
Seventh streets. 

Mr. Heydon's — North side Pennsylvania avenue, between Four-and-a-Half 
and Sixth streets. 

Dr. Holmead's — East side Four-and-a-Half street, between Pennsylvania 
avenue and C street. 

Mr. Hyatt's — South side Pennsylvania avenue, between Sixth and Seventh 
streets. 

Professor Kley's — North side G, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth 
streets. 

Mrs. Manning's — West side Thirteenth street, between E and F streets. 

Mr. Monroe's — Corner Indiana avenue and Second street. 

Morrison's Building — West side Four-and-a-Half street, between Pennsyl- 
vania avenue and C street. 

Mrs. Murray's — West side Tenth street, between D and E streets. 

National Hotel — Pennsylvania avenue. 

Mrs. Reiley's — West side New Jersey aveuue, Capitol Hill. 

Mr Riggles's — East side Seventh street, between Louisiana avenue and 
D street. 

St. Charles Hotel — Corner of Pennsylvania avenue and Third street. 

Mrs. Scott's — South side Pennsylvania avenue, between Third and Four- 
and-aHalf streets. 

Mrs. Shackleford's — Opposite Willard's Hotel. 

Sally Smith's — Opposite War Department. 

Mrs. Spaulding — Southwest corner Ninth and F streets. 

Stettinius's — South side Louisiana avenue, between Four-and-a-Haif and 
Sixth streets. 

Mrs- Stewart's — Northwest corner Tenth and E streets. 

11 



82 

Mrs Taylor's — South side Pennsylvania avenue, between Four-and-a-Half 
and Sixth streets. 

Mr. Tingle's — Southeast corner Eleventh and E streets. 

United States Hotel — Pennsylvania avenue. 

Mrs. Wallingsford's — East side Four-and-a-Half street, betweet Pennsyl- 
vania avenue and C street. • 

Mrs. Wells's— Duff Green's Row, Capitol Hill. 

Willard's Hotel — Pennsylvania avenue. 

Mrs. Williams's — West side Four-and-a-Half street, between Pennsylvania 
avenue and C street. 



RATES OF CHARGES FOR HACKNEY CARRIAGES, CABS/ Sec. 

[Extract from an act of the Corporation, approved March 20, 1842.] 

Sec. 12. Jlnd be it enacted, That, from and after the passage of this act, 
the following rates of fare or charges for conveyance of persons from one 
place to another in the city of Washington, in hackney carriages, cabs, or 
other vehicles, carrying passengers for pay or hire, between daybreak and 
eight o'clock, p. m., shall not be exceeded — that is to say, for each and 
every passenger, for any distance not over one and a half mile, twenty-five 
cents; for any distance over one and a half mile, and not exceeding three 
miles, fifty cents: Provided, In case any hackney carriage, cab, or other vehi- 
cle, shall be detained for a longer period than five minutes, the driver thereof 
shall be allowed for the whole hack, cab, or other vehicle, the sum of twelve 
and a half cents for every fifteen minutes so detained; and for all convey- 
ances or other detentions later than eight o'clock, p. m., the owner or driver 
of hackney carriages, cabs, or other vehicles, may demand and receive at 
the rate of fifty per centum on the foregoing charges in addition thereto. 



INDEX. 

Page. 

Introductory 3 

East Front of Capitol as now in progress of extension 5 

Description of. G 

Centre or Main Building 7 

Persico's statue of Columbus 7 

Greenough's Group 7 

Persico's statuary of Peace and War 7 

Group of Figures in Tympanum , 7,8 

Centre or West Front. 8 

Naval Monument 8 

Fountains of Water 8 

Tomb of Washington 9 

Committee Rooms — Sub-basement 9 

West Terrace, View from 9 

Committee Rooms — Basement 9 

Crypt of the Capitol 9 

Supreme Court Room 10 

Law Library Room 10 

Clerks' Room 10 

Greenough's Washington 11 

Eastern Front, View from 11 

Paintings in Rotunda. 

Declaration of Independence 12 

Surrender of General Burgoyne 12 

Surrender at Yorktown 14 

Resignation of General Washington 15 

Pocahontas Baptized 16 

Landing of Columbus • 16 

Sailing of the Mayflower •• 17 

Sculpture. Subjects, Sfc. 

Landing of the Pilgrims 17 

Preservation of Captain Smith - 17 

Penn's Treaty with the Indians 18 

Boone's Conflict with Indians 18 

Rotundo — Acoustics - • 19 

Hall of Representatives ' 19 

Causici's Figure of Liberty •" 20 

Valaperti's Eagle • 21 

Franzoni's Figure of Fame 21 

Description of the Hall 21 

Acoustic Principles 22 

Senate Chamber • 23 

Description of 24 

Peale's Portrait of Washington 24 

Library of Congress • • • • "5 

Reminiscences of Burnt Library 25 

Subjects of the Medals 26 



INDEX. 

Page. 

Cerrachi's Bust of Jefferson . 27 

Daguerreotypes of do >. 28 

David's Bust of Lafayette 28 

View of the City from Portico 28 

Congressional Medals . 29 

Committee Rooms of Senate * 29 

Views from the roof and from the top of the Great Dome 29 

Improvement of the Tiber 29 

Advice to Visitors 30 

Latitude and Longitude of Centre of Capitol 30 

History of the Capitol 30 

Commissioner of Public Buildings 32 

Duties of Commissioner 32 

Police of the Capitol * 32 

Public Gardener. 32 

Officers of Senate t 33 

Senators 34 

Senate Committees 34 

Officers of House of Representatives 36 

Members of the House of Representatives 36 

Standing Committees of the House 38 

Supreme Court of the United States 40 

Judges and Clerks of Supreme Court 41 

District Court, Judges, and Officers 42 

Criminal Court, D. C -. 42 

Mayor of the City 42 

Extension of Capitol Officers 42 

National Executive Offices. 

Executive of the- United States , 43 

State Department 43 

Secretary's Office and Clerks 43 

His Duties 43 

Treasury Department ••» 44 

Secretary and Clerks -. 44 

Duties of Secretary 44 

First Comptroller and Clerks 45 

His Duties 45 

Second Comptroller and Clerks 46 

His Duties 46 

Treasurer and Clerks 46 

Duties of Treasurer 46 

Register of the Treasury 47 

Duties of Register 47 

Solicitor of the Treasury 47 

Duties of the Solicitor 47 

First Auditor of the Treasury 48 

Duties of the First Auditor. v 48 

Second Auditor of the Treasury 48 



INDEX. 

Page. 

Duties of the Second Auditor 48 

Third Auditor of the Treasury 48 

Duties of the Third Auditor 49 

Fifth Auditor of the Treasury 49 

Duties of the Fifth Auditor 49 

Attorney General's Department. 50 

Duties of the Attorney General 50 

Light House Board 50 

Coast Survey 50 

War Department 51 

Secretary 'a Office 5] 

Duties of the Secretary • 51 

Commanding General .52 

Duties of 52 

Adjutant General 52 

Duties of & ... 53 

Quartermaster General 53 

Duties of 53 

Paymaster General 53 

Duties of 53 

Commissary General 54 

Duties of. V 54 

Surgeon General 54 

Duties of. 54 

Chief Engineer's Bureau 54 

Duties of 54 

Topographical Bureau 55 

Duties of 55 

Ordnance Bureau •• 55 

Duties of 55 

Police of Winder's Building 55 

Navy Department 56 

Secretary's Office 5G 

Duties of the Secretary • 5G 

Bureau of Yards and Docks 56 

Bureau of Construction, &c 57 

Bureau of Ordnance, &c 57 

Bureau of Provisions, &c! 57 

Bureau of Medicine, &.c 57 

Fourth Auditor of the Treasury 57 

National Observatory 58 

Commander of Navy Yard 58 

Inspector of Ordnance 58 

£ngineer-in-Chief, &c 58 

Navy Agent. 58 

Naval Storekeeper 5b 

Commissioner of Customs • • 58 

Post Office Department 58 



INDEX. 

Page. 

Postmaster^General 59 

Duties of 59 

Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. 60 

Duties of 60 

City Post Office 61 

Routes of Letter Carriers 62 

Georgetown Post Office 62 

Department of the Interior 62 

Secretary of the Interior 62 

Duties of 62 

Patent Office — Description of. 63 

Exploring Expedition — Collections of 63 

Model Room, Classes, &c 64 

Commissioner of Patents 65 

Duties of 65 

Officer! and Clerks of Patent Office 65 

Penitentiary — Officers of. 68 

Miscellaneous. 

Washington National Monument 70 

Officers of 70 

Residences of Public Officers 70 

National Institute 70 

Smithsonian Institution 71 

Officers, Regents, and Members of. ...... 71 

U. S. Agricultural Society 71 

Foreign Ministers, &c 72 

United States Ministers, &c 73 to 80 

Mail Arrangements, &c 80 

Alphabetical List of Boarding Houses 81 

Rates of Hackney Coaches 82 



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